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PMID: 6194100 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Eukaryotic DNA methylation.

Human genetics ·Vol. 64 ·No. 4 ·1983-00-00 ·Pages 315-33

Cooper DN

Abstract

Eukaryotic genomes contain 5-methylcytosine (5mC) as a rare base.5mC arises by postsynthetic modification of cytosine and occurs, at least in animals, predominantly in the dinucleotide CpG. The base is not distributed randomly in these genomes but conforms to a pattern. This pattern varies between taxa but appears to be inherited in a semi-conservative fashion. At the level of the genome, gross changes in the level of DNA methylation have been noted. This has encouraged speculation that the modification may play a role in cellular differentiation. Tissue-specific patterns of DNA methylation, predicted by various models of differentiation, have been found for most vertebrate genes so far examined. A correlation has emerged between the undermethylation of these regions and their transcription, but this is not always the case. While data for eukaryotic viral sequences are less equivocal, studies of this kind cannot in isolation distinguish between undermethylation being a cause or a consequence of gene activity. If it were a cause, it is probable that the demethylation of specific CpG sites would be a necessary yet not a sufficient condition for transcription to occur. The introduction of artificially methylated DNA sequences into individual eukaryotic cells by microinjection or transformation may provide the means to elucidate these questions in the future. In the meantime, the study of eukaryotic DNA methylation promises to contribute much to our understanding of the regulation of gene expression in these organisms.

MeSH Terms
5-Methylcytosine Animals Azacitidine/genetics Base Composition Cell Differentiation Chromosome Mapping Cytosine/analogs & derivatives,metabolism DNA/metabolism DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics DNA Repair DNA Replication Eukaryotic Cells Gene Expression Regulation Genes Genes, Viral Humans Methylation Models, Genetic Mutation Transcription, Genetic Transformation, Genetic
Chemicals
5-Methylcytosine Cytosine DNA DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases Azacitidine
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Cooper D N
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Article Info
Journal
Human genetics
Abbr.
Hum Genet
ISSN
0340-6717
DOI
10.1007/BF00292363
Published
1983-00-00
Pages
315-33
Language
English
Region
Germany
NLM ID
7613873
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00292363 View journal details
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