Monoclonal antibody-aided characterization of cellular p220 in uninfected and poliovirus-infected HeLa cells: subcellular distribution and identification of conformers.

A monoclonal antibody directed against the Mr-220,000 subunit (p220) of the mRNA cap-binding complex has been prepared and used to analyze the sucrose gradient sedimentation and subcellular location of p220 and its poliovirus-induced cleavage products. The antibody reacted with p220 on immunoblots of cell lysates from uninfected cells, but only with several smaller polypeptides, the p220 cleavage products, in cell lysates from poliovirus-infected cells. The sedimentation of p220 antigens from uninfected or infected cells was analyzed by immunoblot and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of sucrose gradient fractions. The results indicate that antibody reactivity was partially influenced by antigen conformation. Major forms of intact p220 and cleaved p220 were identified by immunoblot, and these had similar sedimentation properties. ELISA analysis of the same gradient fractions detected only uncleaved p220; p220 cleavage products were not recognized. Furthermore, the antibody recognized two forms of native uncleaved p220, one of which appeared to bind antibody with greater affinity. This result suggested the existence of conformational variants of p220. The differential reactivity of the antibody for cleaved versus uncleaved p220 served as a useful control during indirect immunofluorescence analysis to determine the subcellular distribution of p220 antigens. The distribution of p220 in uninfected cells was mainly cytoplasmic, but some nuclear antigens were also apparent. After poliovirus infection only the nuclear pattern remained. Disappearance of the cytoplasmic pattern confirmed the inability of the antibody to react with native p220 cleavage products. The cytoplasmic pattern also disappeared after human rhinovirus 14 infection, but not after mengovirus infection, results which correlated with the ability of human rhinovirus 14 and the inability of mengovirus to induce the cleavage of p220. The results demonstrate that p220 is not likely to be associated with the cytoskeleton and hint at the possibility of a partially nuclear location.