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PMID: 8801439 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: profound influences on immune functions.

Microbiological reviews ·Vol. 60 ·No. 2 ·1996-06-00 ·Pages 386-406

Chirmule N, Pahwa S

Abstract

Infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to progressive destruction of the CD4+ T-cell subset, resulting in immune deficiency and AIDS. The specific binding of the viral external envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1, gp120, to the CD4 molecules initiates viral entry. In the past few years, several studies have indicated that the interaction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein with cells and molecules of the immune system leads to pleiotropic biological effects on immune functions, which include effects on differentiation of CD34+ lymphoid progenitor cells and thymocytes, aberrant activation and cytokine secretion patterns of mature T cells, induction of apoptosis, B-cell hyperactivity, inhibition of T-cell dependent B-cell differentiation, modulation of macrophage functions, interactions with components of complement, and effects on neuronal cells. The amino acid sequence homologies of the envelope glycoproteins with several cellular proteins have suggested that molecular mimicry may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. This review summarizes work done by several investigators demonstrating the profound biological effects of envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 on immune system cells. Extensive studies have also been done on interactions of the viral envelope proteins with components of the immune system which may be important for eliciting a "protective immune response." Understanding the influences of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins on the immune system may provide valuable insights into HIV-1 disease pathogenesis and carries implications for the trials of HIV-1 envelope protein vaccines and immunotherapeutics.

MeSH Terms
AIDS Vaccines Animals Complement System Proteins/immunology Gene Products, env/immunology HIV Infections/immunology,virology HIV-1/immunology Humans Lymphocytes/immunology Macrophages/immunology Molecular Mimicry Neurons/pathology
Chemicals
AIDS Vaccines Gene Products, env Complement System Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Chirmule N
Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA. N_Chirmule or S_Pahwa@CRCVAX.MED.CORNELL.EDU
Pahwa S
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Article Info
Journal
Microbiological reviews
Abbr.
Microbiol Rev
ISSN
0146-0749
DOI
10.1128/mr.60.2.386-406.1996
Email
s_pahwa@crcvax.med.cornell.edu
Published
1996-06-00
Pages
386-406
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7806086
PMCID
PMC239449
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI28281 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mr.60.2.386-406.1996 PMC Full Text
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