Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8302219 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

ABC transporters: bacterial exporters.

Microbiological reviews ·Vol. 57 ·No. 4 ·1993-12-00 ·Pages 995-1017

Fath MJ, Kolter R

Abstract

The ABC transporters (also called traffic ATPases) make up a large superfamily of proteins which share a common function and a common ATP-binding domain. ABC transporters are classified into three major groups: bacterial importers (the periplasmic permeases), eukaryotic transporters, and bacterial exporters. We present a comprehensive review of the bacterial ABC exporter group, which currently includes over 40 systems. The bacterial ABC exporter systems are functionally subdivided on the basis of the type of substrate that each translocates. We describe three main groups: protein exporters, peptide exporters, and systems that transport nonprotein substrates. Prototype exporters from each group are described in detail to illustrate our current understanding of this protein family. The prototype systems include the alpha-hemolysin, colicin V, and capsular polysaccharide exporters from Escherichia coli, the protease exporter from Erwinia chrysanthemi, and the glucan exporters from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium meliloti. Phylogenetic analysis of the ATP-binding domains from 29 bacterial ABC exporters indicates that the bacterial ABC exporters can be divided into two primary branches. One branch contains the transport systems where the ATP-binding domain and the membrane-spanning domain are present on the same polypeptide, and the other branch contains the systems where these domains are found on separate polypeptides. Differences in substrate specificity do not correlate with evolutionary relatedness. A complete survey of the known and putative bacterial ABC exporters is included at the end of the review.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Bacterial Proteins/metabolism Biological Evolution Biological Transport Carrier Proteins/classification,physiology Gram-Negative Bacteria/physiology Gram-Positive Bacteria/physiology Molecular Sequence Data Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Substrate Specificity
Chemicals
Bacterial Proteins Carrier Proteins Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Fath M J
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Kolter R
References (190)
190 references, click to expand
  1. Bacterial periplasmic permeases belong to a family of transport proteins operating from Escherichia coli to human: Traffic ATPases.
    FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1990 Aug;6(4):429-46 PMID: 2147378
  2. The bex locus in encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae: a chromosomal region involved in capsule polysaccharide export.
    Mol Microbiol. 1990 Nov;4(11):1853-62 PMID: 2082145
  3. Analysis of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin gene. Delineation of unique features and comparison to homologous toxins.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 15;264(26):15451-6 PMID: 2670940
  4. Cloning of two bacteriocin genes from a lactococcal bacteriocin plasmid.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 May;55(5):1187-91 PMID: 2757379
  5. Alterations of amino acid repeats in the Escherichia coli hemolysin affect cytolytic activity and secretion.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):5269-73 PMID: 2839840
  6. Cloning and sequencing of Serratia protease gene.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jul 25;14(14):5843-55 PMID: 3016665
  7. TolC, an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein required for hemolysin secretion.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(12):4776-80 PMID: 2112747
  8. Translocation and compartmentalization of Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA).
    J Bacteriol. 1990 Jul;172(7):3711-7 PMID: 2193915
  9. Protein secretion in gram-negative bacteria. The extracellular metalloprotease B from Erwinia chrysanthemi contains a C-terminal secretion signal analogous to that of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 5;265(28):17118-25 PMID: 2211614
  10. Binding protein-dependent transport systems.
    J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1990 Aug;22(4):571-92 PMID: 2229036
  11. E. coli hemolysin interactions with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes.
    Bioessays. 1992 Aug;14(8):519-25 PMID: 1365905
  12. Cloning and characterization of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-RTX-toxin III (ApxIII) gene.
    Infect Immun. 1993 Mar;61(3):947-54 PMID: 8432615
  13. Secretion of the Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase from Escherichia coli containing the hemolysin operon.
    Biochemistry. 1990 Jan 9;29(1):140-5 PMID: 2182114
  14. The mechanism of secretion of hemolysin and other polypeptides from gram-negative bacteria.
    J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1990 Jun;22(3):473-91 PMID: 2202728
  15. Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of genes involved in production of pediocin PA-1, and bacteriocin from Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Aug;58(8):2360-7 PMID: 1514784
  16. Identification of individual amino acids required for secretion within the haemolysin (HlyA) C-terminal targeting region.
    Mol Microbiol. 1992 Jun;6(11):1477-89 PMID: 1625577
  17. Consensus topography in the ATP binding site of the simian virus 40 and polyomavirus large tumor antigens.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4026-30 PMID: 3035562
  18. A modified Chou and Fasman protein structure algorithm.
    Comput Appl Biosci. 1987 Sep;3(3):211-6 PMID: 3453230
  19. Lactococcin A, a new bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris: isolation and characterization of the protein and its gene.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Jun;173(12):3879-87 PMID: 1904860
  20. Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA.
    Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1066-73 PMID: 2475911
  21. A heterologous membrane protein domain fused to the C-terminal ATP-binding domain of HlyB can export Escherichia coli hemolysin.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Nov;174(21):6771-9 PMID: 1400227
  22. Heavy metal tolerance in the fission yeast requires an ATP-binding cassette-type vacuolar membrane transporter.
    EMBO J. 1992 Oct;11(10):3491-9 PMID: 1396551
  23. Protease secretion by Erwinia chrysanthemi: the specific secretion functions are analogous to those of Escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin.
    EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1375-82 PMID: 2184029
  24. Genetics of capsular polysaccharide production in bacteria.
    Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1990;150:1-18 PMID: 2105187
  25. Topological and functional studies on HlyB of Escherichia coli.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Mar;232(1):40-8 PMID: 1552901
  26. Functional complementation between bacterial MDR-like export systems: colicin V, alpha-hemolysin, and Erwinia protease.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Dec;173(23):7549-56 PMID: 1938950
  27. Structural gene isolation and prepeptide sequence of gallidermin, a new lanthionine containing antibiotic.
    FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1989 Apr;49(2-3):263-7 PMID: 2765032
  28. Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis. Identification and purification of the holotoxin molecule.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 15;264(32):19379-84 PMID: 2553737
  29. Energetically distinct early and late stages of HlyB/HlyD-dependent secretion across both Escherichia coli membranes.
    EMBO J. 1991 Nov;10(11):3263-72 PMID: 1915293
  30. Involvement of lipopolysaccharide in the secretion of Escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin and Erwinia chrysanthemi proteases.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 Jan;7(1):141-50 PMID: 8437516
  31. Sequence similarity between macrolide-resistance determinants and ATP-binding transport proteins.
    Gene. 1992 Jun 15;115(1-2):93-6 PMID: 1612454
  32. Analysis of genes involved in biosynthesis of the lantibiotic subtilin.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Jan;58(1):132-42 PMID: 1539969
  33. Characterization of Erwinia chrysanthemi extracellular proteases: cloning and expression of the protease genes in Escherichia coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):5046-53 PMID: 2822661
  34. nodO, a new nod gene of the Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae sym plasmid pRL1JI, encodes a secreted protein.
    J Bacteriol. 1989 Dec;171(12):6764-70 PMID: 2687250
  35. Distantly related sequences in the alpha- and beta-subunits of ATP synthase, myosin, kinases and other ATP-requiring enzymes and a common nucleotide binding fold.
    EMBO J. 1982;1(8):945-51 PMID: 6329717
  36. A bacterial c-type cytochrome can be translocated to the periplasm as an apo form; the biosynthesis of cytochrome cd1 (nitrite reductase) from Paracoccus denitrificans.
    Mol Microbiol. 1989 May;3(5):653-61 PMID: 2548064
  37. Identification of a second hemolysin (HlyII) in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 and expression of the gene in Escherichia coli.
    Infect Immun. 1992 Apr;60(4):1671-6 PMID: 1548089
  38. Cloning, nucleotide sequence and characterization of the gene encoding the Erwinia chrysanthemi B374 PrtA metalloprotease: a third metalloprotease secreted via a C-terminal secretion signal.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Dec;236(1):135-44 PMID: 1494344
  39. The carboxy-terminal region of haemolysin 2001 is required for secretion of the toxin from Escherichia coli.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Oct;205(1):127-33 PMID: 3025555
  40. Membrane traffic wardens and protein secretion in gram-negative bacteria.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1993 Jan;18(1):7-12 PMID: 8438237
  41. Gene SNQ2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which confers resistance to 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and other chemicals, encodes a 169 kDa protein homologous to ATP-dependent permeases.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1993 Jan;236(2-3):214-8 PMID: 8437567
  42. Genetics of extracellular protein secretion by gram-negative bacteria.
    Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:67-90 PMID: 2088181
  43. Escherichia coli hemolysin is released extracellularly without cleavage of a signal peptide.
    J Bacteriol. 1985 Jul;163(1):88-93 PMID: 3891742
  44. Isolation and analysis of the C-terminal signal directing export of Escherichia coli hemolysin protein across both bacterial membranes.
    EMBO J. 1989 Feb;8(2):595-605 PMID: 2656259
  45. Amplification of the multidrug resistance gene in some chloroquine-resistant isolates of P. falciparum.
    Cell. 1989 Jun 16;57(6):921-30 PMID: 2701941
  46. A bacterial analog of the mdr gene of mammalian tumor cells is present in Streptomyces peucetius, the producer of daunorubicin and doxorubicin.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8553-7 PMID: 1924314
  47. The nodI gene product of Rhizobium leguminosarum is closely related to ATP-binding bacterial transport proteins; nucleotide sequence analysis of the nodI and nodJ genes.
    Gene. 1986;43(1-2):95-101 PMID: 3019841
  48. The synthesis and function of the Escherichia coli hemolysin and related RTX exotoxins.
    FEMS Microbiol Immunol. 1992 Sep;5(1-3):29-36 PMID: 1419112
  49. Secretion, processing and activation of bacterial extracellular proteases.
    Mol Microbiol. 1989 Dec;3(12):1825-31 PMID: 2695751
  50. Genetics of ribosomally synthesized peptide antibiotics.
    Annu Rev Microbiol. 1992;46:141-63 PMID: 1444252
  51. Neisseria meningitidis produces iron-regulated proteins related to the RTX family of exoproteins.
    J Bacteriol. 1993 Feb;175(3):811-8 PMID: 8423153
  52. The enzymology of protein translocation across the Escherichia coli plasma membrane.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:101-24 PMID: 1831965
  53. Competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae: molecular cloning of com, a competence control locus.
    J Bacteriol. 1987 May;169(5):2005-11 PMID: 3032904
  54. MHC class II region encoding proteins related to the multidrug resistance family of transmembrane transporters.
    Nature. 1990 Dec 20-27;348(6303):738-41 PMID: 1979660
  55. Domainal evolution of a prokaryotic DNA repair protein and its relationship to active-transport proteins.
    Nature. 1986 Oct 2-8;323(6087):451-3 PMID: 3762695
  56. Localised mutagenesis of the fts YEX operon: conditionally lethal missense substitutions in the FtsE cell division protein of Escherichia coli are similar to those found in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) of human patients.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Jul;234(1):121-8 PMID: 1379670
  57. Characterization of the hemolysin transporter, HlyB, using an epitope insertion.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Feb 25;267(6):3764-70 PMID: 1371277
  58. Automatic generation of primary sequence patterns from sets of related protein sequences.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):118-22 PMID: 2296575
  59. DNA sequence of the Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin gene cluster.
    DNA. 1989 Jan-Feb;8(1):15-28 PMID: 2707120
  60. Structure and function of haemolysin B,P-glycoprotein and other members of a novel family of membrane translocators.
    Mol Microbiol. 1990 Jun;4(6):873-80 PMID: 1977073
  61. Isolation and characterization of alkaline protease-deficient mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in a mouse eye model.
    Infect Immun. 1984 Mar;43(3):1058-63 PMID: 6421735
  62. Production of active Serratia marcescens metalloprotease from Escherichia coli by alpha-hemolysin HlyB and HlyD.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Apr;174(7):2361-6 PMID: 1551853
  63. The DNA replication inhibitor microcin B17 is a forty-three-amino-acid protein containing sixty percent glycine.
    Proteins. 1986 Nov;1(3):230-8 PMID: 3329729
  64. Comparison of the haemolysin secretion protein HlyB from Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli; site-directed mutagenesis causing impairment of export function.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Aug;213(2-3):551-5 PMID: 3054490
  65. Structural and functional relationships among the RTX toxin determinants of gram-negative bacteria.
    FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1992 Feb;8(2):137-61 PMID: 1558765
  66. Identification of polypeptides required for the export of haemolysin 2001 from E. coli.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1985;201(3):529-36 PMID: 3003543
  67. Genetic analysis of epidermin biosynthetic genes and epidermin-negative mutants of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
    Eur J Biochem. 1992 Mar 15;204(3):1149-54 PMID: 1551392
  68. Secretion of the Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulation protein NodO by haemolysin-type systems.
    Mol Microbiol. 1992 Jan;6(2):231-8 PMID: 1545707
  69. Mutational analysis supports a role for multiple structural features in the C-terminal secretion signal of Escherichia coli haemolysin.
    Mol Microbiol. 1991 Oct;5(10):2391-403 PMID: 1791754
  70. Molecular cloning and analysis of genes for production of K5, K7, K12, and K92 capsular polysaccharides in Escherichia coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1986 Dec;168(3):1228-33 PMID: 3023300
  71. Is the multidrug transporter a flippase?
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1992 Jan;17(1):18-21 PMID: 1374941
  72. Inducible erythromycin resistance in staphylococci is encoded by a member of the ATP-binding transport super-gene family.
    Mol Microbiol. 1990 Jul;4(7):1207-14 PMID: 2233255
  73. Haemolysin secretion from E coli.
    Biochimie. 1990 Feb-Mar;72(2-3):131-41 PMID: 2116181
  74. The subtilin gene of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 is encoded in an operon that contains a homolog of the hemolysin B transport protein.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Feb;174(4):1417-22 PMID: 1735728
  75. Discovery and sequence analysis of bacterial genes involved in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 25;266(12):7793-803 PMID: 1850420
  76. Cloning and expression of daunorubicin biosynthesis genes from Streptomyces peucetius and S. peucetius subsp. caesius.
    J Bacteriol. 1990 Jun;172(6):3427-34 PMID: 2345153
  77. Cloning of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline protease gene and secretion of the protease into the medium by Escherichia coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1990 Feb;172(2):942-8 PMID: 2153662
  78. Expression of the Escherichia coli K5 capsular antigen: immunoelectron microscopic and biochemical studies with recombinant E. coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1990 Feb;172(2):1085-91 PMID: 2404935
  79. Protein secretion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1992 Sep;9(1):73-90 PMID: 1389315
  80. Evidence for a common molecular origin of the capsule gene loci in gram-negative bacteria expressing group II capsular polysaccharides.
    Mol Microbiol. 1991 May;5(5):1251-63 PMID: 1659649
  81. Secretion of cyclolysin, the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase-haemolysin bifunctional protein of Bordetella pertussis.
    EMBO J. 1988 Dec 1;7(12):3997-4004 PMID: 2905265
  82. Immunoserological comparison of 104-kilodalton proteins associated with hemolysis and cytolysis in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Pasteurella haemolytica, and Escherichia coli.
    Infect Immun. 1989 Oct;57(10):3210-3 PMID: 2674017
  83. Identification and genetic analysis of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens chromosomal virulence region.
    J Bacteriol. 1985 Mar;161(3):850-60 PMID: 2982791
  84. Genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae: nucleotide sequence analysis shows comA, a gene required for competence induction, to be a member of the bacterial ATP-dependent transport protein family.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(1):372-81 PMID: 1987129
  85. Molecular characterization and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene complex encoding the polysaccharide capsule of Neisseria meningitidis group B.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(5):1669-73 PMID: 2493648
  86. A Rhizobium meliloti mutant that forms ineffective pseudonodules in alfalfa produces exopolysaccharide but fails to form beta-(1----2) glucan.
    J Bacteriol. 1987 Feb;169(2):880-4 PMID: 3804979
  87. Identification of two genes, kpsM and kpsT, in region 3 of the polysialic acid gene cluster of Escherichia coli K1.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Aug;173(15):4603-10 PMID: 1856162
  88. Secretion across the bacterial outer membrane.
    Trends Genet. 1992 Sep;8(9):317-22 PMID: 1365398
  89. Change in the cellular localization of alkaline phosphatase by alteration of its carboxy-terminal sequence.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Jul;222(2-3):211-6 PMID: 2274026
  90. The Escherichia coli cell division proteins FtsY, FtsE and FtsX are inner membrane-associated.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1987 Dec;210(3):504-8 PMID: 3323846
  91. Protease secretion by Erwinia chrysanthemi. Proteases B and C are synthesized and secreted as zymogens without a signal peptide.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 May 25;264(15):9083-9 PMID: 2722818
  92. High-level synthesis of active adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis in a reconstructed Escherichia coli system.
    Gene. 1991 Jul 31;104(1):19-24 PMID: 1916273
  93. Molecular characterization of an RTX toxin determinant from Actinobacillus suis.
    Infect Immun. 1992 Jun;60(6):2166-73 PMID: 1587585
  94. Colicin V virulence plasmids.
    Microbiol Rev. 1991 Sep;55(3):437-50 PMID: 1943995
  95. The Q-linker: a class of interdomain sequences found in bacterial multidomain regulatory proteins.
    Protein Eng. 1989 May;2(7):535-43 PMID: 2664763
  96. The yeast STE6 gene encodes a homologue of the mammalian multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein.
    Nature. 1989 Aug 3;340(6232):400-4 PMID: 2569166
  97. Structure of an mdr-like gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Evolutionary implications.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 25;267(9):5882-8 PMID: 1372894
  98. Life after log.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;174(2):345-8 PMID: 1729229
  99. Genetics of spontaneous, high-frequency loss of b capsule expression in Haemophilus influenzae.
    Infect Immun. 1985 Aug;49(2):389-95 PMID: 2991138
  100. The complete general secretory pathway in gram-negative bacteria.
    Microbiol Rev. 1993 Mar;57(1):50-108 PMID: 8096622
  101. Prepeptide sequence of epidermin, a ribosomally synthesized antibiotic with four sulphide-rings.
    Nature. 1988 May 19;333(6170):276-8 PMID: 2835685
  102. Genetic analysis of protein export in Escherichia coli.
    Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:215-48 PMID: 2088168
  103. Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin and hemolytic activities require a second gene, cyaC, for activation.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(2):720-6 PMID: 1987161
  104. Release of a chimeric protein into the medium from Escherichia coli using the C-terminal secretion signal of haemolysin.
    EMBO J. 1987 Sep;6(9):2835-41 PMID: 3119330
  105. Secretion of the Pasteurella leukotoxin by Escherichia coli.
    FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1989 Jul 15;51(1):169-73 PMID: 2673918
  106. Genetic analysis of an MDR-like export system: the secretion of colicin V.
    EMBO J. 1990 Dec;9(12):3875-84 PMID: 2249654
  107. surA, an Escherichia coli gene essential for survival in stationary phase.
    J Bacteriol. 1990 Aug;172(8):4339-47 PMID: 2165476
  108. Interaction of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase with calmodulin. Identification of two separated calmodulin-binding domains.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 Feb 25;263(6):2612-8 PMID: 2893792
  109. The Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae hemolysin determinant: unlinked appCA and appBD loci flanked by pseudogenes.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Aug;173(16):5151-8 PMID: 1860823
  110. Capsule loss in H. influenzae type b occurs by recombination-mediated disruption of a gene essential for polysaccharide export.
    Cell. 1988 May 6;53(3):347-56 PMID: 3284653
  111. Sequences encoded in the class II region of the MHC related to the 'ABC' superfamily of transporters.
    Nature. 1990 Dec 20-27;348(6303):741-4 PMID: 2259383
  112. A new cell division operon in Escherichia coli.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Oct;205(1):134-45 PMID: 3025556
  113. Purification and amino acid sequence of a bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus acidilactici.
    J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Sep;138(9):1985-90 PMID: 1402795
  114. A gene cluster involved in aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces griseus encodes proteins similar to the response regulators of two-component regulatory systems and membrane translocators.
    J Bacteriol. 1993 Apr;175(7):2006-16 PMID: 8458843
  115. Genetic studies on the inability of beta-galactosidase to be translocated across the Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane.
    J Bacteriol. 1989 Sep;171(9):4609-16 PMID: 2527843
  116. Secretion of CyaA-PrtB and HlyA-PrtB fusion proteins in Escherichia coli: involvement of the glycine-rich repeat domain of Erwinia chrysanthemi protease B.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Aug;174(15):4920-7 PMID: 1629152
  117. Isolation of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae haemolysin gene and the activation and secretion of the prohaemolysin by the HlyC, HlyB and HlyD proteins of Escherichia coli.
    Mol Microbiol. 1990 Jan;4(1):123-8 PMID: 2181233
  118. An Aeromonas salmonicida gene which influences a-protein expression in Escherichia coli encodes a protein containing an ATP-binding cassette and maps beside the surface array protein gene.
    J Bacteriol. 1993 May;175(10):3105-14 PMID: 8491726
  119. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and characterization of genes encoding the secretion function of the Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin determinant.
    J Bacteriol. 1989 Feb;171(2):916-28 PMID: 2914876
  120. Identification of a gene linked to Rhizobium meliloti ntrA whose product is homologous to a family to ATP-binding proteins.
    J Bacteriol. 1989 Apr;171(4):1932-41 PMID: 2703463
  121. A family of related ATP-binding subunits coupled to many distinct biological processes in bacteria.
    Nature. 1986 Oct 2-8;323(6087):448-50 PMID: 3762694
  122. Synthesis of nitrogenase in mutants of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 affected in heterocyst development or metabolism.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Oct;174(19):6025-32 PMID: 1328150
  123. ABC transporters: from microorganisms to man.
    Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1992;8:67-113 PMID: 1282354
  124. New mechanisms of hormone secretion: MDR-like gene products as extrusion pumps for hormones?
    Horm Metab Res. 1992 May;24(5):210-3 PMID: 1356900
  125. The NodL and NodJ proteins from Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium strains are similar to capsular polysaccharide secretion proteins from gram-negative bacteria.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 Apr;8(2):369-77 PMID: 8316086
  126. Role for 2-linked-beta-D-glucan in the virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
    J Bacteriol. 1985 Oct;164(1):102-6 PMID: 4044517
  127. A novel C-terminal signal sequence targets Escherichia coli haemolysin directly to the medium.
    J Cell Sci Suppl. 1989;11:45-57 PMID: 2693460
  128. Nucleotide sequence of the leukotoxin gene from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: homology to the alpha-hemolysin/leukotoxin gene family.
    Infect Immun. 1990 Apr;58(4):920-9 PMID: 2318535
  129. Activation of Escherichia coli prohaemolysin to the mature toxin by acyl carrier protein-dependent fatty acylation.
    Nature. 1991 Jun 27;351(6329):759-61 PMID: 2062368
  130. Putative X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy gene shares unexpected homology with ABC transporters.
    Nature. 1993 Feb 25;361(6414):726-30 PMID: 8441467
  131. Capsular polymer of Haemophilus influenzae, type b. I. Structural characterization of the capsular polymer of strain Eagan.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 Jul 10;250(13):4926-30 PMID: 1080151
  132. Determinants of extracellular protein secretion in gram-negative bacteria.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Jun;174(11):3423-8 PMID: 1592799
  133. Molecular analyses of the lactococcin A gene cluster from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis WM4.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Jun;58(6):1952-61 PMID: 1622271
  134. Genetic analysis of the pAD1 hemolysin/bacteriocin determinant in Enterococcus faecalis: Tn917 insertional mutagenesis and cloning.
    J Bacteriol. 1990 Jan;172(1):155-63 PMID: 2152897
  135. The ndvA gene product of Rhizobium meliloti is required for beta-(1----2)glucan production and has homology to the ATP-binding export protein HlyB.
    J Bacteriol. 1988 Aug;170(8):3523-30 PMID: 3042754
  136. Sequence of the lktB gene from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 11;18(17):5291 PMID: 2402457
  137. The essential Escherichia coli msbA gene, a multicopy suppressor of null mutations in the htrB gene, is related to the universally conserved family of ATP-dependent translocators.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 Jan;7(1):69-79 PMID: 8094880
  138. Nucleotide sequence of the tolC gene of Escherichia coli.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 25;18(18):5547 PMID: 2216730
  139. Four plasmid genes are required for colicin V synthesis, export, and immunity.
    J Bacteriol. 1987 Jun;169(6):2466-70 PMID: 3034857
  140. The secretion genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline protease are functionally related to those of Erwinia chrysanthemi proteases and Escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin.
    Mol Microbiol. 1991 Feb;5(2):447-53 PMID: 1904127
  141. Multiple aligned sequence editor (MASE).
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1988 Aug;13(8):321-2 PMID: 3154283
  142. Bacterial periplasmic transport systems: structure, mechanism, and evolution.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:397-425 PMID: 3527048
  143. Rhizobium meliloti genes required for nodule development are related to chromosomal virulence genes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4403-7 PMID: 16593714
  144. Identification and characterization of hetA, a gene that acts early in the process of morphological differentiation of heterocysts.
    J Bacteriol. 1990 Jun;172(6):3131-7 PMID: 2111805
  145. Transport protein genes in the murine MHC: possible implications for antigen processing.
    Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1723-6 PMID: 2270487
  146. The Rhizobium nodulation gene nodO encodes a Ca2(+)-binding protein that is exported without N-terminal cleavage and is homologous to haemolysin and related proteins.
    EMBO J. 1990 Feb;9(2):349-54 PMID: 2303029
  147. The identification of the Escherichia coli ftsY gene product: an unusual protein.
    Mol Microbiol. 1990 Apr;4(4):575-83 PMID: 2161989
  148. Multidrug resistance in Leishmania donovani is conferred by amplification of a gene homologous to the mammalian mdr1 gene.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jun;12(6):2855-65 PMID: 1350325
  149. A leptomycin B resistance gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a protein similar to the mammalian P-glycoproteins.
    Mol Microbiol. 1992 Mar;6(6):761-9 PMID: 1349418
  150. Colicin V-treated Escherichia coli does not generate membrane potential.
    J Bacteriol. 1984 May;158(2):757-9 PMID: 6373733
  151. Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE6 gene product: a novel pathway for protein export in eukaryotic cells.
    EMBO J. 1989 Dec 20;8(13):3973-84 PMID: 2686977
  152. Biosynthesis of the lantibiotic nisin: genomic organization and membrane localization of the NisB protein.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Nov;58(11):3730-43 PMID: 1482192
  153. Pattern-induced multi-sequence alignment (PIMA) algorithm employing secondary structure-dependent gap penalties for use in comparative protein modelling.
    Protein Eng. 1992 Jan;5(1):35-41 PMID: 1631044
  154. Cloning and characterization of a hemolysin gene from Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae.
    DNA. 1989 Nov;8(9):635-47 PMID: 2693022
  155. An HlyB-type function is required for expression of the Enterococcus faecalis hemolysin/bacteriocin.
    Infect Immun. 1990 Dec;58(12):3914-23 PMID: 2123826
  156. ATPase activity and ATP/ADP-induced conformational change in the soluble domain of the bacterial protein translocator HlyB.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 Jun;8(6):1163-75 PMID: 8361361
  157. The biochemistry of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:137-71 PMID: 2570548
  158. Nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli chromosomal hemolysin.
    J Bacteriol. 1985 Jul;163(1):94-105 PMID: 3891743
  159. Functional similarity between the haemolysins of Escherichia coli and Morganella morganii.
    J Med Microbiol. 1990 Nov;33(3):165-70 PMID: 2250286
  160. Characterization of the bacterial cell associated calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase from Bordetella pertussis.
    Biochemistry. 1989 Jan 24;28(2):438-42 PMID: 2540797
  161. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the Serratia marcescens metalloprotease gene: secretion of the protease from E. coli in the presence of the Erwinia chrysanthemi protease secretion functions.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Apr;173(7):2160-6 PMID: 2007544
  162. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of frpC, a second gene from Neisseria meningitidis encoding a protein similar to RTX cytotoxins.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 Jul;9(1):85-96 PMID: 8412674
  163. Nisin, a peptide antibiotic: cloning and sequencing of the nisA gene and posttranslational processing of its peptide product.
    J Bacteriol. 1989 Mar;171(3):1597-601 PMID: 2493449
  164. Characterization, localization and transmembrane organization of the three proteins PrtD, PrtE and PrtF necessary for protease secretion by the gram-negative bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi.
    Mol Microbiol. 1991 Oct;5(10):2427-34 PMID: 1791757
  165. A topological model for the haemolysin translocator protein HlyD.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1992 Jul;234(1):155-63 PMID: 1495479
  166. Organization and nucleotide sequences of two lactococcal bacteriocin operons.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Feb;57(2):492-8 PMID: 1901707
  167. Analysis of the haemolysin secretion system by PhoA-HlyA fusion proteins.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Nov;224(2):201-8 PMID: 2277639
  168. Bacterial cytochromes c biogenesis.
    Genes Dev. 1992 Feb;6(2):268-83 PMID: 1310666
  169. Analysis of the membrane organization of an Escherichia coli protein translocator, HlyB, a member of a large family of prokaryote and eukaryote surface transport proteins.
    J Mol Biol. 1991 Feb 5;217(3):441-54 PMID: 1994034
  170. Analysis of hemolysin operons in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
    Gene. 1993 Jan 15;123(1):51-8 PMID: 8423004
  171. Streptomyces antibioticus contains at least three oleandomycin-resistance determinants, one of which shows similarity with proteins of the ABC-transporter superfamily.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 May;8(3):571-82 PMID: 8326867
  172. A gene in the human major histocompatibility complex class II region controlling the class I antigen presentation pathway.
    Nature. 1990 Dec 20-27;348(6303):744-7 PMID: 2259384
  173. Sequence of a cluster of genes controlling synthesis and secretion of alkaline protease in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: relationships to other secretory pathways.
    Gene. 1992 Nov 2;121(1):47-54 PMID: 1427098
  174. Homology between proteins controlling Streptomyces fradiae tylosin resistance and ATP-binding transport.
    Gene. 1991 Jun 15;102(1):27-32 PMID: 1864505
  175. Molecular analysis of the Escherichia coli K5 kps locus: identification and characterization of an inner-membrane capsular polysaccharide transport system.
    Mol Microbiol. 1990 Nov;4(11):1863-9 PMID: 2082146
  176. Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkaline protease: evidence for secretion genes and study of secretion mechanism.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Sep;173(17):5290-7 PMID: 1832151
  177. Isolation and characterization of the Escherichia coli msbB gene, a multicopy suppressor of null mutations in the high-temperature requirement gene htrB.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Feb;174(3):702-10 PMID: 1732206
  178. Molecular analysis of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae RTX toxin-III gene cluster.
    DNA Cell Biol. 1993 May;12(4):351-62 PMID: 8494611
  179. Role for [corrected] Agrobacterium tumefaciens ChvA protein in export of beta-1,2-glucan.
    J Bacteriol. 1989 Mar;171(3):1609-15 PMID: 2921245
  180. On the nature of the pneumococcal activator substance.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Jan;55(1):58-66 PMID: 4380138
  181. The secreted hemolysins of Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Morganella morganii are genetically related to each other and to the alpha-hemolysin of Escherichia coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1987 Apr;169(4):1509-15 PMID: 3549692
  182. Molecular characterization of a leukotoxin gene from a Pasteurella haemolytica-like organism, encoding a new member of the RTX toxin family.
    Infect Immun. 1993 May;61(5):2089-95 PMID: 8478098
  183. Analysis of the haemolysin transport process through the secretion from Escherichia coli of PCM, CAT or beta-galactosidase fused to the Hly C-terminal signal domain.
    Mol Microbiol. 1991 Oct;5(10):2557-68 PMID: 1791766
  184. The export of the DNA replication inhibitor Microcin B17 provides immunity for the host cell.
    EMBO J. 1988 Jun;7(6):1853-62 PMID: 3049078
  185. A new subfamily of bacterial ABC-type transport systems catalyzing export of drugs and carbohydrates.
    Protein Sci. 1992 Oct;1(10):1326-32 PMID: 1303751
  186. Analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of lantibiotic epidermin.
    Eur J Biochem. 1992 Feb 15;204(1):57-68 PMID: 1740156
  187. Purification and primary structure of pediocin PA-1 produced by Pediococcus acidilactici PAC-1.0.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 May 15;295(1):5-12 PMID: 1575516
  188. Bicomponent nature of lysin from Streptococcus zymogenes.
    J Bacteriol. 1969 Nov;100(2):865-8 PMID: 4901364
  189. The membrane-bound proteins of periplasmic permeases form a complex. Identification of the histidine permease HisQMP complex.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 May 25;266(15):9857-65 PMID: 2033074
  190. Surface carbohydrates of Rhizobium. I. Beta-1, 2-glucans.
    Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1979;45(2):165-75 PMID: 582886
Article Info
Journal
Microbiological reviews
Abbr.
Microbiol Rev
ISSN
0146-0749
DOI
10.1128/mr.57.4.995-1017.1993
Published
1993-12-00
Pages
995-1017
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7806086
PMCID
PMC372944
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI25944 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mr.57.4.995-1017.1993 PMC Full Text
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2