Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 2987874 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

(TAA)n within sequences flanking several intrachromosomal variant surface glycoprotein genes in Trypanosoma brucei.

Nucleic acids research ·Vol. 13 ·No. 9 ·1985-05-10 ·Pages 3161-77

Aline R, MacDonald G, Brown E, Allison J, Myler P, Rothwell V, Stuart K

Abstract

In Trypanosoma brucei telomeric copies of intrachromosomal variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes are produced through a gene conversion mechanism and are expressed if the telomere is or becomes transcriptionally activated. We have analyzed a sequence that occurs 1 to 1.5 kb 5' to several intrachromosomal VSG genes. This flanking sequence has three distinct sections: a 5' section containing 5 to 116 TAA or TAA-like tandem repeats; a moderately conserved sequence with an alternating GT characteristic; and a highly conserved 3' sequence that is largely alternating TA. Restriction mapping data and the location of this sequence suggest that it occurs at or near the 5' gene conversion boundary. This sequence, however, is not 5' to all VSG genes. These data suggest that this flanking sequence alone is not sufficient for VSG gene expression but that it may function in gene conversion for many, but not all, VSG genes.

MeSH Terms
Animals Base Sequence DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism Gene Conversion Gene Expression Regulation Glycoproteins/genetics Nucleic Acid Hybridization Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid Trypanosoma brucei brucei/genetics Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma
Chemicals
Glycoproteins Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma DNA Restriction Enzymes
Authors & Affiliations
7 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Aline R
MacDonald G
Brown E
Allison J
Myler P
Rothwell V
Stuart K
References (33)
33 references, click to expand
  1. Molecular structure of a left-handed double helical DNA fragment at atomic resolution.
    Nature. 1979 Dec 13;282(5740):680-6 PMID: 514347
  2. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 PMID: 271968
  3. Novel bacteriophage lambda cloning vector.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5172-6 PMID: 6254062
  4. Gene duplication and transposition linked to antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2673-7 PMID: 6265900
  5. analysis of genomic rearrangements associated with two variable antigen genes of Trypanosoma brucei.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 11;10(3):803-19 PMID: 6278436
  6. Molecular basis for trypanosome antigenic variation.
    Cell. 1982 Jun;29(2):291-303 PMID: 6811137
  7. Genomic environment of T. brucei VSG genes: presence of a minichromosome.
    Nature. 1982 Sep 30;299(5882):417-21 PMID: 7121578
  8. Genomic environment of the expression-linked extra copies of genes for surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei resembles the end of a chromosome.
    Nature. 1982 Sep 30;299(5882):451-3 PMID: 7121582
  9. An analysis of cosmid clones of nuclear DNA from Trypanosoma brucei shows that the genes for variant surface glycoproteins are clustered in the genome.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Oct 11;10(19):5905-23 PMID: 6292859
  10. Homothallic switching of yeast mating type cassettes is initiated by a double-stranded cut in the MAT locus.
    Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):183-92 PMID: 6297747
  11. Negatively supercoiled plasmids contain left-handed Z-DNA segments as detected by specific antibody binding.
    Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):309-18 PMID: 7159926
  12. Transcripts coding for variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei have a short, identical exon at their 5' end.
    Gene. 1982 Dec;20(2):281-9 PMID: 7166234
  13. DNA rearrangements and antigenic variation in Trypanosoma equiperdum: multiple expression-linked sites in independent isolates of trypanosomes expressing the same antigen.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Mar;3(3):399-409 PMID: 6843549
  14. The transposition unit of variant surface glycoprotein gene 118 of Trypanosoma brucei. Presence of repeated elements at its border and absence of promoter-associated sequences.
    J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 15;167(1):57-75 PMID: 6306255
  15. At least two transposed sequences are associated in the expression site of a surface antigen gene in different trypanosome clones.
    Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):359-69 PMID: 6311429
  16. Gene conversion as a mechanism for antigenic variation in trypanosomes.
    Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):371-81 PMID: 6616615
  17. Gene activation and re-expression of a Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(7):1185-92 PMID: 6313354
  18. The 5'-limit of transposition and upstream barren region of a trypanosome VSG gene: tandem 76 base-pair repeats flanking (TAA)90.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Mar 26;12(6):2759-74 PMID: 6324125
  19. Molecular characterization of initial variants from the IsTat I serodeme of Trypanosoma brucei.
    Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1983 Nov;9(3):241-54 PMID: 6674811
  20. Genomic organization of Trypanosoma brucei variant antigen gene families in sequential parasitemias.
    Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1983 Nov;9(3):255-69 PMID: 6674812
  21. Two mechanisms of expression of a predominant variant antigen gene of Trypanosoma brucei.
    Nature. 1984 May 17-23;309(5965):282-4 PMID: 6325951
  22. Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei analyzed by electrophoretic separation of chromosome-sized DNA molecules.
    Cell. 1984 May;37(1):77-84 PMID: 6202420
  23. Comparison of the expression-linked extra copy (ELC) and basic copy (BC) genes of a trypanosome surface antigen.
    J Cell Biochem. 1983;23(1-4):1-12 PMID: 6327735
  24. The inactivation and reactivation of an expression-linked gene copy for a variant surface glycoprotein in Trypanosoma brucei.
    EMBO J. 1984 Jun;3(6):1345-51 PMID: 6086319
  25. Subtelomeric regions of yeast chromosomes contain a 36 base-pair tandemly repeated sequence.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7105-21 PMID: 6091055
  26. Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes by gene replacement or activation of alternate telomeres.
    Cell. 1984 Nov;39(1):203-11 PMID: 6091912
  27. Chromosome rearrangements in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Cell. 1984 Nov;39(1):213-21 PMID: 6488319
  28. The IsTaR 1 serodeme of Trypanosoma brucei: development of a new serodeme.
    J Parasitol. 1984 Oct;70(5):747-54 PMID: 6439844
  29. The IsTat 1.3 VSG multigene family in Trypanosoma brucei: retention of the expression linked copy through multiple antigenic switches.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Dec 11;12(23):9051-66 PMID: 6083548
  30. Expression of a minichromosomal variant surface glycoprotein gene in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Nature. 1985 Feb 14-20;313(6003):595-7 PMID: 2578631
  31. Evolution of repeated DNA sequences by unequal crossover.
    Science. 1976 Feb 13;191(4227):528-35 PMID: 1251186
  32. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ.
    Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180-2 PMID: 322279
  33. Novel expression-linked copies of the genes for variant surface antigens in trypanosomes.
    Nature. 1980 Mar 6;284(5751):78-80 PMID: 6243753
Article Info
Journal
Nucleic acids research
Abbr.
Nucleic Acids Res
ISSN
0305-1048
Published
1985-05-10
Pages
3161-77
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0411011
PMCID
PMC341227
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI 17375 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
X02426, X02427, X02428
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com