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PMID: 23478383 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease.

Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology ·Vol. 10 ·No. 6 ·2013-06-00 ·Pages 352-61

Johansson ME, Sjövall H, Hansson GC

Abstract

Mucins--large, highly glycosylated proteins--are important for the luminal protection of the gastrointestinal tract. Enterocytes have their apical surface covered by transmembrane mucins and goblet cells produce the secreted gel-forming mucins that form mucus. The small intestine has a single unattached mucus layer, which in cystic fibrosis becomes attached, accounting for the intestinal manifestations of this disease. The stomach and colon have two layers of mucus; the inner layer is attached and the outer layer is less dense and unattached. In the colon, the outer mucus layer is the habitat for commensal bacteria. The inner mucus layer is impervious to bacteria and is renewed every hour by surface goblet cells. The crypt goblet cells have the ability to restitute the mucus layer by secretion, for example after an ischaemic challenge. Proteases of certain parasites and some bacteria can cleave mucins and dissolve the mucus as part of their pathogenicity. The inner mucus layer can, however, also become penetrable to bacteria by several other mechanisms, including aberrations in the immune system. When bacteria reach the epithelial surface, the immune system is activated and inflammation is triggered. This mechanism might occur in some types of ulcerative colitis.

MeSH Terms
Colitis/microbiology,physiopathology Colon/microbiology,physiology,physiopathology Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology,physiopathology Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology,physiology Humans Intestine, Small/physiology,physiopathology Mucus/physiology Stomach/physiology,physiopathology
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Johansson Malin E V
Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sjövall Henrik
Hansson Gunnar C
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Article Info
Journal
Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
Abbr.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
ISSN
1759-5053
DOI
10.1038/nrgastro.2013.35
Published
2013-06-00
Epub
2013-00-12
Pages
352-61
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
101500079
PMCID
PMC3758667
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · U01 AI095473 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · U01AI095473 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.35 PMC Full Text View journal details
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