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PMID: 21393254 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Ribosomal scanning on the 5'-untranslated region of the human immunodeficiency virus RNA genome.

Nucleic acids research ·Vol. 39 ·No. 12 ·2011-07-00 ·Pages 5232-44

Berkhout B, Arts K, Abbink TE

Abstract

Translation initiation on most eukaryotic mRNAs occurs via a cap-dependent scanning mechanism and its efficiency is modulated by their 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR). The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 5'-UTR contains a stable TAR hairpin directly at its 5'-end, which possibly masks the cap structure. In addition, the 5'-UTR is relatively long and contains several stable RNA structures that are essential for viral replication. These characteristics may interfere with ribosomal scanning and suggest that translation is initiated via internal entry of ribosomes. Literature on the HIV-1 5'-UTR-driven translation initiation mechanism is controversial. Both scanning and internal initiation have been shown to occur in various experimental systems. To gain further insight in the translation initiation process, we determined which part of the 5'-UTR is scanned. To do so, we introduced upstream AUGs at various positions across the 5'-UTR and determined the effect on expression of a downstream reporter gene that was placed under control of the gag start codon. This strategy allowed us to determine the window of ribosomal scanning on the HIV-1 5'-UTR.

MeSH Terms
5' Untranslated Regions Base Sequence Cell Line, Tumor Codon, Initiator Genome, Viral HIV-1/genetics Humans Molecular Sequence Data Open Reading Frames Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational RNA, Viral/chemistry Ribosomes/metabolism Viral Proteins/metabolism gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/biosynthesis,genetics
Chemicals
5' Untranslated Regions Codon, Initiator RNA, Viral Viral Proteins gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Berkhout Ben
Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Arts Kelly
Abbink Truus E M
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Article Info
Journal
Nucleic acids research
Abbr.
Nucleic Acids Res
ISSN
1362-4962
DOI
10.1093/nar/gkr113
Published
2011-07-00
Epub
2011-00-09
Pages
5232-44
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0411011
PMCID
PMC3130279
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr113 PMC Full Text View journal details
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