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PMID: 1943993 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Control site location and transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli.

Microbiological reviews ·Vol. 55 ·No. 3 ·1991-09-00 ·Pages 371-94

Collado-Vides J, Magasanik B, Gralla JD

Abstract

The regulatory regions for 119 Escherichia coli promoters have been analyzed, and the locations of the regulatory sites have been cataloged. The following observations emerge. (i) More than 95% of promoters are coregulated with at least one other promoter. (ii) Virtually all sigma 70 promoters contain at least one regulatory site in a proximal position, touching at least position -65 with respect to the start point of transcription. There are not yet clear examples of upstream regulation in the absence of a proximal site. (iii) Operators within regulons appear in very variable proximal positions. By contrast, the proximal activation sites of regulons are much more fixed. (iv) There is a forbidden zone for activation elements downstream from approximately position -20 with respect to the start of transcription. By contrast, operators can occur throughout the proximal region. When activation elements appear in the forbidden zone, they repress. These latter examples usually involve autoregulation. (v) Approximately 40% of repressible promoters contain operator duplications. These occur either in certain regulons where duplication appears to be a requirement for repressor action or in promoters subject to complex regulation. (vi) Remote operator duplications occur in approximately 10% of repressible promoters. They generally appear when a multiple promoter region is coregulated by cyclic AMP receptor protein. (vii) Sigma 54 promoters do not require proximal or precisely positioned activator elements and are not generally subject to negative regulation. Rationales are presented for all of the above observations.

MeSH Terms
Escherichia coli/genetics Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Promoter Regions, Genetic Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid Transcription, Genetic
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Collado-Vides J
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Magasanik B
Gralla J D
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Article Info
Journal
Microbiological reviews
Abbr.
Microbiol Rev
ISSN
0146-0749
DOI
10.1128/mr.55.3.371-394.1991
Published
1991-09-00
Pages
371-94
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7806086
PMCID
PMC372825
Subset
IM
Grants
FIC NIH HHS · F05-TW04437 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM35754 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mr.55.3.371-394.1991 PMC Full Text
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