Abstract
We have investigated the DNA-binding ability of a nitrogen regulatory protein, the product of the ntrC gene, to several nitrogen-regulated promoters in Salmonella typhimurium. The ntrC protein is able to bind to the regulatory region (dhuA) of an operon coding for genes involved in the active transport of histidine, but not to another transport-related regulatory region, argTr. It bound to two different sites within the regulatory region of glnA (glutamine synthetase) and to one site in the regulatory region for the ntrBC operon. A consensus sequence has been derived from these four binding sites. The binding sequence displays dyad symmetry, as expected for the dimeric ntrC protein. The relationship of the binding sites to regulation of transcription initiation and termination, and to published homologies within the sequences of regulatory sites for nif genes is discussed.
MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Transport Systems
Arginine/genetics
Bacterial Proteins/genetics
Binding Sites
DNA, Bacterial/genetics
DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
Genes, Regulator
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/genetics
Histidine/genetics
Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
Nitrogen/metabolism
Operon
Salmonella typhimurium/genetics
Transcription Factors/genetics
Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
Amino Acid Transport Systems
Bacterial Proteins
DNA, Bacterial
DNA-Binding Proteins
Membrane Transport Proteins
Transcription Factors
Histidine
Arginine
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase
Nitrogen
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ferro-Luzzi Ames G
Nikaido K
References (28)
28 references, click to expand
-
Mutations affecting regulation of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifH (nitrogenase reductase) promotor.
J Bacteriol. 1984 Jan;157(1):143-7
PMID: 6360993
-
Physical and genetic characterization of the glnA--glnG region of the Escherichia coli chromosome.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3743-7
PMID: 6115384
-
Analysis of promoter mutations in the histidine transport operon of Salmonella typhimurium: use of hybrid M13 bacteriophages for cloning, transformation, and sequencing.
J Bacteriol. 1984 Sep;159(3):1000-5
PMID: 6090381
-
Complete nucleotide sequence and identification of membrane components of the histidine transport operon of S. typhimurium.
Nature. 1982 Aug 19;298(5876):723-7
PMID: 7050725
-
Characterization of mutations that lie in the promoter-regulatory region for glnA, the structural gene encoding glutamine synthetase.
Mol Gen Genet. 1984;197(1):150-60
PMID: 6151113
-
Positive and negative control of the glnA ntrBC regulon in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
EMBO J. 1984 Mar;3(3):501-7
PMID: 6143663
-
Genetics and regulation of nitrogen fixation.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 1981;35:207-35
PMID: 7027900
-
Acetylornithinase of Escherichia coli: partial purification and some properties.
J Biol Chem. 1956 Jan;218(1):97-106
PMID: 13278318
-
Involvement of the product of the glnF gene in the autogenous regulation of glutamine synthetase formation in Klebsiella aerogenes.
J Bacteriol. 1978 Mar;133(3):1329-38
PMID: 25264
-
Isolation and characterization of lac fusions to two nitrogen-regulated promoters.
Mol Gen Genet. 1984;195(1-2):219-27
PMID: 6092849
-
Regulatory regions of two transport operons under nitrogen control: nucleotide sequences.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1083-7
PMID: 7041112
-
A new model for nitrogen control.
Nature. 1982 Jun 3;297(5865):362-3
PMID: 7043278
-
Two periplasmic transport proteins which interact with a common membrane receptor show extensive homology: complete nucleotide sequences.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6038-42
PMID: 6273842
-
Identification and regulation of the glnL operator-promoter of the complex glnALG operon of Escherichia coli.
J Bacteriol. 1984 Oct;160(1):379-84
PMID: 6148334
-
Genetic control of nitrogen assimilation in bacteria.
Annu Rev Genet. 1982;16:135-68
PMID: 6130743
-
Promoters regulated by the glnG (ntrC) and nifA gene products share a heptameric consensus sequence in the -15 region.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 May;80(9):2524-8
PMID: 6133280
-
Nitrogen control of Salmonella typhimurium: co-regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthetase and amino acid transport systems.
J Bacteriol. 1979 Apr;138(1):218-34
PMID: 35521
-
Nitrogen regulatory locus "glnR" of enteric bacteria is composed of cistrons ntrB and ntrC: identification of their protein products.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2135-9
PMID: 6113591
-
The nif promoters of Klebsiella pneumoniae have a characteristic primary structure.
Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):665-71
PMID: 6311436
-
Organization of transcriptional signals in plasmids pBR322 and pACYC184.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jan;78(1):167-71
PMID: 7017708
-
Nitrogen control in Salmonella: regulation by the glnR and glnF gene products.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4576-80
PMID: 41244
-
DNAse footprinting: a simple method for the detection of protein-DNA binding specificity.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Sep;5(9):3157-70
PMID: 212715
-
Nucleotide sequence of the glnA control region of Escherichia coli.
Mol Gen Genet. 1983;190(1):171-5
PMID: 6134228
-
Regulation at the glnL-operator-promoter of the complex glnALG operon of Escherichia coli.
J Bacteriol. 1983 Mar;153(3):1247-51
PMID: 6131062
-
Nucleotide sequence of the control regions for the glnA and glnL genes of Salmonella typhimurium.
J Bacteriol. 1983 Jul;155(1):82-9
PMID: 6134717
-
Isolation of the nitrogen assimilation regulator NR(I), the product of the glnG gene of Escherichia coli.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(18):5554-8
PMID: 16593366
-
A protein that preferentially binds Drosophila satellite DNA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Feb;76(2):726-30
PMID: 106393
-
Complex glnA-glnL-glnG operon of Escherichia coli.
J Bacteriol. 1982 Apr;150(1):202-13
PMID: 6120929