Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 15778459 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Conservation of Arabidopsis flowering genes in model legumes.

Plant physiology ·Vol. 137 ·No. 4 ·2005-04-00 ·Pages 1420-34

Hecht V, Foucher F, Ferrándiz C, Macknight R, Navarro C, Morin J, Vardy ME, Ellis N, Beltrán JP, Rameau C, Weller JL

Abstract

The model plants Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) have provided a wealth of information about genes and genetic pathways controlling the flowering process, but little is known about the corresponding pathways in legumes. The garden pea (Pisum sativum) has been used for several decades as a model system for physiological genetics of flowering, but the lack of molecular information about pea flowering genes has prevented direct comparison with other systems. To address this problem, we have searched expressed sequence tag and genome sequence databases to identify flowering-gene-related sequences from Medicago truncatula, soybean (Glycine max), and Lotus japonicus, and isolated corresponding sequences from pea by degenerate-primer polymerase chain reaction and library screening. We found that the majority of Arabidopsis flowering genes are represented in pea and in legume sequence databases, although several gene families, including the MADS-box, CONSTANS, and FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER1 families, appear to have undergone differential expansion, and several important Arabidopsis genes, including FRIGIDA and members of the FLOWERING LOCUS C clade, are conspicuously absent. In several cases, pea and Medicago orthologs are shown to map to conserved map positions, emphasizing the closely syntenic relationship between these two species. These results demonstrate the potential benefit of parallel model systems for an understanding of flowering phenology in crop and model legume species.

MeSH Terms
Arabidopsis/genetics,growth & development Base Sequence Chromosome Mapping Circadian Rhythm/genetics Conserved Sequence DNA, Plant/genetics Fabaceae/genetics,growth & development Flowers/growth & development Genes, Plant Models, Genetic Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family Mutation Peas/genetics,growth & development Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/genetics Phylogeny Plant Proteins/genetics
Chemicals
DNA, Plant Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins Plant Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
11 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Hecht Valérie
School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Foucher Fabrice
Ferrándiz Cristina
Macknight Richard
Navarro Cristina
Morin Julie
Vardy Megan E
Ellis Noel
Beltrán José Pío
Rameau Catherine
Weller James L
References (77)
77 references, click to expand
  1. Repression of AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 is a crucial step in promoting flower development.
    Nat Genet. 2004 Feb;36(2):157-61 PMID: 14716314
  2. Redundant regulation of meristem identity and plant architecture by FRUITFULL, APETALA1 and CAULIFLOWER.
    Development. 2000 Feb;127(4):725-34 PMID: 10648231
  3. The SOC1 MADS-box gene integrates vernalization and gibberellin signals for flowering in Arabidopsis.
    Plant J. 2003 Sep;35(5):613-23 PMID: 12940954
  4. Critical role for CCA1 and LHY in maintaining circadian rhythmicity in Arabidopsis.
    Curr Biol. 2002 Apr 30;12(9):757-61 PMID: 12007421
  5. UNIFOLIATA regulates leaf and flower morphogenesis in pea.
    Curr Biol. 1997 Aug 1;7(8):581-7 PMID: 9259553
  6. The wheat VRN2 gene is a flowering repressor down-regulated by vernalization.
    Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1640-4 PMID: 15016992
  7. Interaction of phytochromes A and B in the control of de-etiolation and flowering in pea.
    Plant J. 2001 May;26(3):283-94 PMID: 11439117
  8. EARLY FLOWERING3 encodes a novel protein that regulates circadian clock function and flowering in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 2001 Jun;13(6):1281-92 PMID: 11402160
  9. Phytochrome B binds with greater apparent affinity than phytochrome A to the basic helix-loop-helix factor PIF3 in a reaction requiring the PAS domain of PIF3.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 21;97(24):13419-24 PMID: 11069292
  10. The relationship between genetic and cytogenetic maps of pea. II. Physical maps of linkage mapping populations.
    Genome. 1997 Oct;40(5):755-69 PMID: 18464863
  11. FKF1 is essential for photoperiodic-specific light signalling in Arabidopsis.
    Nature. 2003 Nov 20;426(6964):302-6 PMID: 14628054
  12. Comparative mapping between Medicago sativa and Pisum sativum.
    Mol Genet Genomics. 2004 Oct;272(3):235-46 PMID: 15340836
  13. The MADS-box gene DAL1 is a potential mediator of the juvenile-to-adult transition in Norway spruce (Picea abies).
    Plant J. 2004 Nov;40(4):546-57 PMID: 15500470
  14. The ELF4 gene controls circadian rhythms and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Nature. 2002 Sep 5;419(6902):74-7 PMID: 12214234
  15. Regulation of flowering time by light quality.
    Nature. 2003 Jun 19;423(6942):881-5 PMID: 12815435
  16. A genetic and physiological analysis of late flowering mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Sep;229(1):57-66 PMID: 1896021
  17. Prenylation of the floral transcription factor APETALA1 modulates its function.
    Plant Cell. 2000 Aug;12(8):1257-66 PMID: 10948247
  18. Complementary floral homeotic phenotypes result from opposite orientations of a transposon at the plena locus of Antirrhinum.
    Cell. 1993 Jan 15;72(1):85-95 PMID: 8093684
  19. Photoreceptor regulation of CONSTANS protein in photoperiodic flowering.
    Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1003-6 PMID: 14963328
  20. Stamina pistilloida, the Pea ortholog of Fim and UFO, is required for normal development of flowers, inflorescences, and leaves.
    Plant Cell. 2001 Jan;13(1):31-46 PMID: 11158527
  21. Efficient isolation and mapping of Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insert junctions by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR.
    Plant J. 1995 Sep;8(3):457-63 PMID: 7550382
  22. Living by the calendar: how plants know when to flower.
    Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Apr;4(4):265-75 PMID: 12671649
  23. Estimating genome conservation between crop and model legume species.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 26;101(43):15289-94 PMID: 15489274
  24. A dominant mutation in the pea PHYA gene confers enhanced responses to light and impairs the light-dependent degradation of phytochrome A.
    Plant Physiol. 2004 Aug;135(4):2186-95 PMID: 15286297
  25. Targeted degradation of TOC1 by ZTL modulates circadian function in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Nature. 2003 Dec 4;426(6966):567-70 PMID: 14654842
  26. A common mechanism controls the life cycle and architecture of plants.
    Development. 1998 May;125(9):1609-15 PMID: 9521899
  27. Analysis of the petunia MADS-box transcription factor family.
    Mol Genet Genomics. 2003 Feb;268(5):598-606 PMID: 12589434
  28. The autonomous pathway: epigenetic and post-transcriptional gene regulation in the control of Arabidopsis flowering time.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2004 Oct;7(5):570-4 PMID: 15337100
  29. MADS-box gene expression in lateral primordia, meristems and differentiated tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana roots.
    Planta. 2002 Jan;214(3):365-72 PMID: 11855641
  30. An Arabidopsis MADS box gene that controls nutrient-induced changes in root architecture.
    Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):407-9 PMID: 9430595
  31. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Dec 15;25(24):4876-82 PMID: 9396791
  32. Adaptation of photoperiodic control pathways produces short-day flowering in rice.
    Nature. 2003 Apr 17;422(6933):719-22 PMID: 12700762
  33. A whole-system reconsideration of paradigms about photoperiod and temperature control of crop yield.
    Theor Appl Genet. 1993 Mar;86(1):17-26 PMID: 24193379
  34. Widespread paleopolyploidy in model plant species inferred from age distributions of duplicate genes.
    Plant Cell. 2004 Jul;16(7):1667-78 PMID: 15208399
  35. Phytochrome mediates the external light signal to repress FT orthologs in photoperiodic flowering of rice.
    Genes Dev. 2002 Aug 1;16(15):2006-20 PMID: 12154129
  36. Duplication and diversification in the APETALA1/FRUITFULL floral homeotic gene lineage: implications for the evolution of floral development.
    Genetics. 2003 Oct;165(2):821-33 PMID: 14573491
  37. Comparative biology comes into bloom: genomic and genetic comparison of flowering pathways in rice and Arabidopsis.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2003 Apr;6(2):113-20 PMID: 12667866
  38. Identification of two MADS box genes that are expressed in the apical meristem of the long-day plant Sinapis alba in transition to flowering.
    Plant J. 1996 Mar;9(3):399-408 PMID: 8919916
  39. The CONSTANS gene of Arabidopsis promotes flowering and encodes a protein showing similarities to zinc finger transcription factors.
    Cell. 1995 Mar 24;80(6):847-57 PMID: 7697715
  40. Consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers for amplification of distantly related sequences.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Apr 1;26(7):1628-35 PMID: 9512532
  41. EMF1, a novel protein involved in the control of shoot architecture and flowering in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 2001 Aug;13(8):1865-75 PMID: 11487698
  42. It's time to flower: the genetic control of flowering time.
    Bioessays. 2004 Apr;26(4):363-73 PMID: 15057934
  43. The major clades of MADS-box genes and their role in the development and evolution of flowering plants.
    Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003 Dec;29(3):464-89 PMID: 14615187
  44. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis: new openings to the MADS world.
    Plant Cell. 2003 Jul;15(7):1538-51 PMID: 12837945
  45. Toward the analysis of the petunia MADS box gene family by reverse and forward transposon insertion mutagenesis approaches: B, C, and D floral organ identity functions require SEPALLATA-like MADS box genes in petunia.
    Plant Cell. 2003 Nov;15(11):2680-93 PMID: 14576291
  46. B and C floral organ identity functions require SEPALLATA MADS-box genes.
    Nature. 2000 May 11;405(6783):200-3 PMID: 10821278
  47. Vernalization, competence, and the epigenetic memory of winter.
    Plant Cell. 2004 Oct;16(10):2553-9 PMID: 15466409
  48. A MADS box transcription factor of the AP1/AGL9 subfamily is also expressed in the seed coat of pea (Pisum sativum) during development.
    Plant Mol Biol. 1998 Dec;38(6):1253-5 PMID: 9869431
  49. Distinct roles of CONSTANS target genes in reproductive development of Arabidopsis.
    Science. 2000 Jun 2;288(5471):1613-6 PMID: 10834834
  50. A pair of related genes with antagonistic roles in mediating flowering signals.
    Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1960-2 PMID: 10583960
  51. AGL24 acts as a promoter of flowering in Arabidopsis and is positively regulated by vernalization.
    Plant J. 2003 Mar;33(5):867-74 PMID: 12609028
  52. Control of circadian rhythms and photoperiodic flowering by the Arabidopsis GIGANTEA gene.
    Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1579-82 PMID: 10477524
  53. CONSTANS acts in the phloem to regulate a systemic signal that induces photoperiodic flowering of Arabidopsis.
    Development. 2004 Aug;131(15):3615-26 PMID: 15229176
  54. Acceleration of flowering by overexpression of MFT (MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1).
    Mol Cells. 2004 Feb 29;17(1):95-101 PMID: 15055534
  55. PROLIFERATING INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM, a MADS-box gene that regulates floral meristem identity in pea.
    Plant Physiol. 2002 Jul;129(3):1150-9 PMID: 12114569
  56. The SELF-PRUNING gene family in tomato.
    Plant Mol Biol. 2003 Aug;52(6):1215-22 PMID: 14682620
  57. Complexes of MADS-box proteins are sufficient to convert leaves into floral organs.
    Nature. 2001 Jan 25;409(6819):525-9 PMID: 11206550
  58. Deficiens, a homeotic gene involved in the control of flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus: the protein shows homology to transcription factors.
    EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):605-13 PMID: 1968830
  59. Activation tagging of the floral inducer FT.
    Science. 1999 Dec 3;286(5446):1962-5 PMID: 10583961
  60. Multiple pathways in the decision to flower: enabling, promoting, and resetting.
    Plant Cell. 2004;16 Suppl:S18-31 PMID: 15037730
  61. Analysis of PEAM4, the pea AP1 functional homologue, supports a model for AP1-like genes controlling both floral meristem and floral organ identity in different plant species.
    Plant J. 2001 Feb;25(4):441-51 PMID: 11260500
  62. Nucleotide sequence and expression of the phytochrome gene in Pisum sativum: Differential regulation by light of multiple transcripts.
    Plant Mol Biol. 1988 Sep;11(5):697-710 PMID: 24272503
  63. GIGANTEA: a circadian clock-controlled gene that regulates photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis and encodes a protein with several possible membrane-spanning domains.
    EMBO J. 1999 Sep 1;18(17):4679-88 PMID: 10469647
  64. DETERMINATE and LATE FLOWERING are two TERMINAL FLOWER1/CENTRORADIALIS homologs that control two distinct phases of flowering initiation and development in pea.
    Plant Cell. 2003 Nov;15(11):2742-54 PMID: 14563931
  65. Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8998-9002 PMID: 2461560
  66. FRIGIDA-related genes are required for the winter-annual habit in Arabidopsis.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 2;101(9):3281-5 PMID: 14973192
  67. Assessing the redundancy of MADS-box genes during carpel and ovule development.
    Nature. 2003 Jul 3;424(6944):85-8 PMID: 12840762
  68. Molecular and genetic mechanisms of floral control.
    Plant Cell. 2004;16 Suppl:S1-17 PMID: 15020744
  69. Diverse roles for MADS box genes in Arabidopsis development.
    Plant Cell. 1995 Aug;7(8):1259-69 PMID: 7549482
  70. A major gene for time of flowering in chickpea.
    J Hered. 2000 Jan-Feb;91(1):67-8 PMID: 10739130
  71. The evolution of CONSTANS-like gene families in barley, rice, and Arabidopsis.
    Plant Physiol. 2003 Apr;131(4):1855-67 PMID: 12692345
  72. Molecular cloning of SVP: a negative regulator of the floral transition in Arabidopsis.
    Plant J. 2000 Feb;21(4):351-60 PMID: 10758486
  73. Functional divergence of the TFL1-like gene family in Arabidopsis revealed by characterization of a novel homologue.
    Genes Cells. 2001 Apr;6(4):327-36 PMID: 11318875
  74. Evolution and divergence of the MADS-box gene family based on genome-wide expression analyses.
    Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Dec;20(12):1963-77 PMID: 12949148
  75. Inflorescence commitment and architecture in Arabidopsis.
    Science. 1997 Jan 3;275(5296):80-3 PMID: 8974397
  76. The SEP4 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana functions in floral organ and meristem identity.
    Curr Biol. 2004 Nov 9;14(21):1935-40 PMID: 15530395
  77. Divergent roles of a pair of homologous jumonji/zinc-finger-class transcription factor proteins in the regulation of Arabidopsis flowering time.
    Plant Cell. 2004 Oct;16(10):2601-13 PMID: 15377760
Article Info
Journal
Plant physiology
Abbr.
Plant Physiol
ISSN
0032-0889
DOI
10.1104/pp.104.057018
Published
2005-04-00
Epub
2005-00-18
Pages
1420-34
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0401224
PMCID
PMC1088331
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
AY805328, AY805329, AY826727, AY826728, AY826729, AY826730, AY826731, AY826732, AY826733, AY826734, AY830919, AY830920, AY830921, AY830922, AY830923, AY830924, AY830925, AY830926, AY830927, AY830928, AY830929, AY830930, AY830931, AY830932, AY842491, AY884287, AY884288, AY884289, AY884290, AY884291, AY884292, CX533083, TC103604
Corrections
ErratumIn
-
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.057018 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2