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PMID: 3551593 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Role of replication time in the control of tissue-specific gene expression.

American journal of human genetics ·Vol. 40 ·No. 2 ·1987-02-00 ·Pages 151-73

Holmquist GP

Abstract

Late-replicating chromatin in vertebrates is repressed. Housekeeping (constitutively active) genes always replicate early and are in the early-replicating R-bands. Tissue-specific genes are usually in the late-replicating G-bands and therein almost always replicate late. Within the G-bands, however, a tissue-specific gene does replicate early in those cell types that express that particular gene. While the condition of late replication may simply be coincident with gene repression, we review evidence suggesting that late replication may actively determine repression. As mammals utilize a developmental program to Lyonize (facultatively heterochromatinize) whole X chromosomes to a late-replicating and somatically heritable repressed state, similarly another program seems to Lyonize individual replicons. In frogs, all genes begin embryogenesis by replicating during a very short interval. As the developmental potency of embryonic cells becomes restricted, late-replicating DNA gradually appears. This addition to the repertoire of gene control--i.e., repression via Lyonization of individual replicons--seems to have evolved in vertebrates with G-bands being a manifestation of the mechanism.

MeSH Terms
Animals DNA Replication Gene Expression Regulation Humans Models, Genetic Time Factors Vertebrates/genetics
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Holmquist G P
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Article Info
Journal
American journal of human genetics
Abbr.
Am J Hum Genet
ISSN
0002-9297
Published
1987-02-00
Pages
151-73
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0370475
PMCID
PMC1684080
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM35645 · United States
NICHD NIH HHS · HD00323 · United States
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text View journal details
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