Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 2831395 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II exhibit different DNase I protection patterns.

Journal of virology ·Vol. 62 ·No. 4 ·1988-04-00 ·Pages 1339-46

Altman R, Harrich D, Garcia JA, Gaynor RB

Abstract

Human T-cell leukemia virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) are human retroviruses which normally infect T-lymphoid cells. HTLV-I infection is associated with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, and HTLV-II is associated with an indolent form of hairy-cell leukemia. To identify potential transcriptional regulatory elements of these two related human retroviruses, we performed DNase I footprinting of both the HTLV-I and HTLV-II long terminal repeats (LTRs) by using extracts prepared from uninfected T cells, HTLV-I and HTLV-II transformed T cells, and HeLa cells. Five regions of the HTLV-I LTR and three regions of the HTLV-II LTR showed protection by DNase I footprinting. All three of the 21-base-pair repeats previously shown to be important in HTLV transcriptional regulation were protected in the HTLV-I LTR, whereas only one of these repeats was protected in the HTLV-II LTR. Several regions exhibited altered protection in extracts prepared from lymphoid cells as compared with HeLa cells, but there were minimal differences in the protection patterns between HTLV-infected and uninfected lymphoid extracts. A number of HTLV-I and HTLV-II LTR fragments which contained regions showing protection in DNase I footprinting were able to function as inducible enhancer elements in transient CAT gene expression assays in the presence of the HTLV-II tat protein. The alterations in the pattern of the cellular proteins which bind to the HTLV-I and HTLV-II LTRs may in part be responsible for differences in the transcriptional regulation of these two related viruses.

MeSH Terms
Base Sequence Cell Line DNA Restriction Enzymes DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis Deltaretrovirus/genetics Deoxyribonuclease I HeLa Cells Humans Molecular Sequence Data Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid Transcription, Genetic Transfection
Chemicals
DNA-Binding Proteins DNA Restriction Enzymes Deoxyribonuclease I
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Altman R
Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine 90024.
Harrich D
Garcia J A
Gaynor R B
References (74)
74 references, click to expand
  1. Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor.
    Cell. 1987 Jun 19;49(6):729-39 PMID: 3034432
  2. Purified transcription factor AP-1 interacts with TPA-inducible enhancer elements.
    Cell. 1987 Jun 19;49(6):741-52 PMID: 3034433
  3. Identification of two distinct elements in the long terminal repeat of HTLV-I responsible for maximum gene expression.
    EMBO J. 1987 Feb;6(2):389-95 PMID: 3034589
  4. Identification of p40x-responsive regulatory sequences within the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat.
    J Virol. 1987 Jul;61(7):2175-81 PMID: 3035218
  5. Binding of a nuclear protein to the cyclic-AMP response element of the somatostatin gene.
    Nature. 1987 Jul 9-15;328(6126):175-8 PMID: 2885756
  6. Multiple sequence elements are required for regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus gene expression.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(14):4919-23 PMID: 3037527
  7. Two different factors bind to the alpha-domain of the polyoma virus enhancer, one of which also interacts with the SV40 and c-fos enhancers.
    EMBO J. 1987 May;6(5):1331-7 PMID: 3038517
  8. A cellular transcription factor E4F1 interacts with an E1a-inducible enhancer and mediates constitutive enhancer function in vitro.
    EMBO J. 1987 May;6(5):1345-53 PMID: 2956091
  9. Upstream regulatory regions required to stabilize binding to the TATA sequence in an adenovirus early promoter.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Oct 26;15(20):8367-85 PMID: 2959908
  10. Alterations in binding characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer factor.
    J Virol. 1988 Jan;62(1):218-25 PMID: 3257103
  11. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044-51 PMID: 6960240
  12. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Mar 11;11(5):1475-89 PMID: 6828386
  13. Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3618-22 PMID: 6304725
  14. Association of the human type C retrovirus with a subset of adult T-cell cancers.
    Cancer Res. 1983 Aug;43(8):3892-9 PMID: 6602653
  15. High efficiency DNA-mediated transformation of primate cells.
    Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):551-3 PMID: 6306768
  16. The adenovirus type 5 E1A transcriptional control region contains a duplicated enhancer element.
    Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):695-703 PMID: 6871991
  17. A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene.
    Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):717-28 PMID: 6409417
  18. A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes.
    Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):729-40 PMID: 6409418
  19. Immunoglobulin gene transcription is activated by downstream sequence elements.
    Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):741-8 PMID: 6409419
  20. Transformation of human umbilical cord blood T cells by human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(17):5402-6 PMID: 6604273
  21. Human T-cell leukemia virus type II transforms normal human lymphocytes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Nov;80(22):7006-9 PMID: 6316341
  22. A lymphocyte-specific enhancer in the mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene.
    Nature. 1984 Jan 5-11;307(5946):80-2 PMID: 6419128
  23. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS.
    Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):500-3 PMID: 6200936
  24. Structure of 3' terminal region of type II human T lymphotropic virus: evidence for new coding region.
    Science. 1984 Jul 27;225(4660):419-21 PMID: 6330894
  25. Characterization of a novel HTLV-infected cell line.
    Blood. 1984 Aug;64(2):482-90 PMID: 6331549
  26. Antigens encoded by the 3'-terminal region of human T-cell leukemia virus: evidence for a functional gene.
    Science. 1984 Oct 5;226(4670):57-61 PMID: 6089350
  27. Identification of the putative transforming protein of the human T-cell leukemia viruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II.
    Science. 1984 Oct 5;226(4670):61-5 PMID: 6089351
  28. Expression of the 3' terminal region of human T-cell leukemia viruses.
    Science. 1984 Oct 12;226(4671):177-9 PMID: 6091270
  29. Two distinct enhancers with different cell specificities coexist in the regulatory region of polyoma.
    Cell. 1984 Dec;39(3 Pt 2):653-62 PMID: 6096017
  30. Subcellular localization of the product of the long open reading frame of human T-cell leukemia virus type I.
    Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1227-8 PMID: 2983419
  31. Human beta-interferon gene expression is regulated by an inducible enhancer element.
    Cell. 1985 Jun;41(2):509-20 PMID: 3986910
  32. Functional activation of the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type I by a trans-acting factor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Apr;82(8):2277-81 PMID: 2986109
  33. Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type II: an open reading frame for the protease gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(10):3101-5 PMID: 2582407
  34. Cell-type specificity of immunoglobulin gene expression is regulated by at least three DNA sequence elements.
    Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):885-97 PMID: 3924411
  35. Enhancement of RNA polymerase III transcription by the E1A gene product of adenovirus.
    Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):955-63 PMID: 4005953
  36. The x gene is essential for HTLV replication.
    Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):54-8 PMID: 2990037
  37. trans-Activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus long terminal repeat correlates with expression of the x-lor protein.
    J Virol. 1985 Sep;55(3):831-5 PMID: 2991599
  38. The pX protein of HTLV-I is a transcriptional activator of its long terminal repeats.
    Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):675-9 PMID: 2992082
  39. Location of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6502-6 PMID: 2995968
  40. Functional relation between HTLV-II x and adenovirus E1A proteins in transcriptional activation.
    Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):570-3 PMID: 2996140
  41. Cell-type preference of immunoglobulin kappa and lambda gene promoters.
    EMBO J. 1985 Nov;4(11):2831-8 PMID: 2998757
  42. Identification of the gene responsible for human T-cell leukaemia virus transcriptional regulation.
    Nature. 1985 Dec 12-18;318(6046):571-4 PMID: 2999613
  43. p27x-III and p21x-III, proteins encoded by the pX sequence of human T-cell leukemia virus type I.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8359-63 PMID: 3001699
  44. Activation of enhancer sequences in type II human T-cell leukemia virus and bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeats by virus-associated trans-acting regulatory factors.
    J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):738-44 PMID: 3005624
  45. T-lymphocyte variant of hairy-cell leukemia.
    Ann Intern Med. 1978 Mar;88(3):323-6 PMID: 305224
  46. DNAse footprinting: a simple method for the detection of protein-DNA binding specificity.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Sep;5(9):3157-70 PMID: 212715
  47. The nucleotide sequence of an untranslated but conserved domain at the 3' end of the avian sarcoma virus genome.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Jul 11;8(13):2967-84 PMID: 6253899
  48. Regulatory and coding potential of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal redundancy.
    J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):226-38 PMID: 6260976
  49. Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7415-9 PMID: 6261256
  50. Antibodies in human sera reactive against an internal structural protein of human T-cell lymphoma virus.
    Nature. 1981 Nov 19;294(5838):271-3 PMID: 6272126
  51. Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6476-80 PMID: 7031654
  52. Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukaemic T cells.
    Nature. 1981 Dec 24;294(5843):770-1 PMID: 6275274
  53. Nucleotide sequences of the murine retrovirus Friend SFFVp long terminal repeats: identification of a structure with extensive dyad symmetry 5' to the TATA box.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 May 25;10(10):3315-30 PMID: 6285295
  54. Transformation of human leukocytes by cocultivation with an adult T cell leukemia virus producer cell line.
    Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):737-9 PMID: 6980467
  55. A new subtype of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-II) associated with a T-cell variant of hairy cell leukemia.
    Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):571-3 PMID: 6981847
  56. Host-specific activation of transcription by tandem repeats from simian virus 40 and Moloney murine sarcoma virus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(21):6453-7 PMID: 6292901
  57. Identification of a cellular transcription factor involved in E1A trans-activation.
    Cell. 1986 Apr 25;45(2):219-28 PMID: 2938741
  58. The adenovirus type 5 E1A enhancer contains two functionally distinct domains: one is specific for E1A and the other modulates all early units in cis.
    Cell. 1986 Apr 25;45(2):229-36 PMID: 2938742
  59. Adenovirus stimulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III: evidence for an E1A-dependent increase in transcription factor IIIC concentration.
    EMBO J. 1986 Feb;5(2):343-54 PMID: 2940084
  60. Direct evidence that p40x of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is a trans-acting transcriptional activator.
    EMBO J. 1986 Mar;5(3):561-5 PMID: 3011413
  61. A transcriptional enhancer sequence of HTLV-I is responsible for trans-activation mediated by p40 chi HTLV-I.
    EMBO J. 1986 Apr;5(4):713-8 PMID: 3011423
  62. A second isolate of HTLV-II associated with atypical hairy-cell leukemia.
    N Engl J Med. 1986 Aug 7;315(6):372-7 PMID: 3016537
  63. Identification of a factor in HeLa cells specific for an upstream transcriptional control sequence of an EIA-inducible adenovirus promoter and its relative abundance in infected and uninfected cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(16):5914-8 PMID: 2942943
  64. Cis-acting sequences responsible for the transcriptional activation of human T-cell leukemia virus type I constitute a conditional enhancer.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(17):6558-62 PMID: 3018737
  65. Cell-type specific protein binding to the enhancer of simian virus 40 in nuclear extracts.
    Nature. 1986 Oct 9-15;323(6088):544-8 PMID: 3020434
  66. Expression of the complete human T-cell leukemia virus type I pX coding sequence as a functional protein in Escherichia coli.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(19):7192-6 PMID: 3020538
  67. A lymphoid-specific protein binding to the octamer motif of immunoglobulin genes.
    Nature. 1986 Oct 16-22;323(6089):640-3 PMID: 3095662
  68. Requirement of multiple copies of a 21-nucleotide sequence in the U3 regions of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II long terminal repeats for trans-acting activation of transcription.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8112-6 PMID: 3022280
  69. Specific protein binding to the simian virus 40 enhancer in vitro.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jun;6(6):2098-105 PMID: 3023918
  70. Comparison of the trans-activation capabilities of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I and II chi proteins.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):3626-31 PMID: 3025604
  71. Multiple protein-binding sites in the 5'-flanking region regulate c-fos expression.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4305-16 PMID: 3025651
  72. At least two nuclear proteins bind specifically to the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):787-98 PMID: 3029568
  73. Regulation of the human interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain promoter: activation of a nonfunctional promoter by the transactivator gene of HTLV-I.
    Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):47-56 PMID: 3030566
  74. Six distinct nuclear factors interact with the 75-base-pair repeat of the Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Mar;7(3):1101-10 PMID: 3561410
Article Info
Journal
Journal of virology
Abbr.
J Virol
ISSN
0022-538X
DOI
10.1128/JVI.62.4.1339-1346.1988
Published
1988-04-00
Pages
1339-46
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0113724
PMCID
PMC253146
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · CA 30981 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · CA 32737 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GMO-80942 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/JVI.62.4.1339-1346.1988 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2