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PMID: 28300792 Published · epublish English Journal Article Review Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Chemical and Conformational Diversity of Modified Nucleosides Affects tRNA Structure and Function.

Biomolecules ·Vol. 7 ·No. 1 ·2017-00-16

Väre VY, Eruysal ER, Narendran A, Sarachan KL, Agris PF

Abstract

RNAs are central to all gene expression through the control of protein synthesis. Four major nucleosides, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine and uridine, compose RNAs and provide sequence variation, but are limited in contributions to structural variation as well as distinct chemical properties. The ability of RNAs to play multiple roles in cellular metabolism is made possible by extensive variation in length, conformational dynamics, and the over 100 post-transcriptional modifications. There are several reviews of the biochemical pathways leading to RNA modification, but the physicochemical nature of modified nucleosides and how they facilitate RNA function is of keen interest, particularly with regard to the contributions of modified nucleosides. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the most extensively modified RNAs. The diversity of modifications provide versatility to the chemical and structural environments. The added chemistry, conformation and dynamics of modified nucleosides occurring at the termini of stems in tRNA's cloverleaf secondary structure affect the global three-dimensional conformation, produce unique recognition determinants for macromolecules to recognize tRNAs, and affect the accurate and efficient decoding ability of tRNAs. This review will discuss the impact of specific chemical moieties on the structure, stability, electrochemical properties, and function of tRNAs.

Keywords
RNA modified nucleoside contributions to function chemical biology of RNA modifications physicochemical properties of RNA modifications tRNA modifications
MeSH Terms
Anticodon/chemistry Methylation Nucleic Acid Conformation Nucleosides/chemistry RNA, Transfer/chemistry,metabolism Stereoisomerism
Chemicals
Anticodon Nucleosides RNA, Transfer
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Väre Ville Y P
The RNA Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. vvare@albany.edu.
Eruysal Emily R
The RNA Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. eeruysal@albany.edu.
Narendran Amithi
The RNA Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. anarendran@albany.edu.
Sarachan Kathryn L
The RNA Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. KSarachan@albany.edu.
Agris Paul F
The RNA Institute, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA. pagris@albany.edu.
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Article Info
Journal
Biomolecules
Abbr.
Biomolecules
ISSN
2218-273X
DOI
10.3390/biom7010029
Email
vvare@albany.edu
eeruysal@albany.edu
anarendran@albany.edu
ksarachan@albany.edu
pagris@albany.edu
Published
2017-00-16
Epub
2017-00-16
Language
English
Region
Switzerland
NLM ID
101596414
PMCID
PMC5372741
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM110588 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.3390/biom7010029 PMC Full Text View journal details
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