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PMID: 21896654 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Ending the message: poly(A) signals then and now.

Genes & development ·Vol. 25 ·No. 17 ·2011-09-01 ·Pages 1770-82

Proudfoot NJ

Abstract

Polyadenylation [poly(A)] signals (PAS) are a defining feature of eukaryotic protein-coding genes. The central sequence motif AAUAAA was identified in the mid-1970s and subsequently shown to require flanking, auxiliary elements for both 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of premessenger RNA (pre-mRNA) as well as to promote downstream transcriptional termination. More recent genomic analysis has established the generality of the PAS for eukaryotic mRNA. Evidence for the mechanism of mRNA 3'-end formation is outlined, as is the way this RNA processing reaction communicates with RNA polymerase II to terminate transcription. The widespread phenomenon of alternative poly(A) site usage and how this interrelates with pre-mRNA splicing is then reviewed. This shows that gene expression can be drastically affected by how the message is ended. A central theme of this review is that while genomic analysis provides generality for the importance of PAS selection, detailed mechanistic understanding still requires the direct analysis of specific genes by genetic and biochemical approaches.

MeSH Terms
3' Untranslated Regions/genetics Animals Gene Expression Regulation Humans RNA 3' Polyadenylation Signals/genetics RNA Precursors/metabolism RNA Splicing RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
Chemicals
3' Untranslated Regions RNA Precursors RNA, Untranslated
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Proudfoot Nick J
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. nicholas.proudfoot@path.ox.ac.uk
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Article Info
Journal
Genes & development
Abbr.
Genes Dev
ISSN
1549-5477
DOI
10.1101/gad.17268411
Email
nicholas.proudfoot@path.ox.ac.uk
Published
2011-09-01
Pages
1770-82
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8711660
PMCID
PMC3175714
Subset
IM
Grants
Wellcome Trust · United Kingdom
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1101/gad.17268411 PMC Full Text View journal details
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