Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 20442714 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Condensin and cohesin complexity: the expanding repertoire of functions.

Nature reviews. Genetics ·Vol. 11 ·No. 6 ·2010-06-00 ·Pages 391-404

Wood AJ, Severson AF, Meyer BJ

Abstract

Condensin and cohesin complexes act in diverse nuclear processes in addition to their widely known roles in chromosome compaction and sister chromatid cohesion. Recent work has elucidated the contribution of condensin and cohesin to interphase genome organization, control of gene expression, metazoan development and meiosis. Despite these wide-ranging functions, several themes have come to light: both complexes establish higher-order chromosome structure by inhibiting or promoting interactions between distant genomic regions, both complexes influence the chromosomal association of other proteins, and both complexes achieve functional specialization by swapping homologous subunits. Emerging data are expanding the range of processes in which condensin and cohesin are known to participate and are enhancing our knowledge of how chromosome architecture is regulated to influence numerous cellular functions.

MeSH Terms
Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism,physiology Animals Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism,physiology Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/physiology Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism,physiology DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism,physiology Gene Expression Regulation/physiology Genome/physiology Humans Meiosis/genetics,physiology Models, Biological Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism,physiology
Chemicals
Cell Cycle Proteins Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone DNA-Binding Proteins Multiprotein Complexes cohesins condensin complexes Adenosine Triphosphatases
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Wood Andrew J
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3204, USA.
Severson Aaron F
Meyer Barbara J
References (126)
126 references, click to expand
  1. Functional genomics identifies monopolin: a kinetochore protein required for segregation of homologs during meiosis i.
    Cell. 2000 Dec 22;103(7):1155-68 PMID: 11163190
  2. Meiotic crossover number and distribution are regulated by a dosage compensation protein that resembles a condensin subunit.
    Genes Dev. 2008 Jan 15;22(2):194-211 PMID: 18198337
  3. Cohesin is required for higher-order chromatin conformation at the imprinted IGF2-H19 locus.
    PLoS Genet. 2009 Nov;5(11):e1000739 PMID: 19956766
  4. The DIF1 gene of Arabidopsis is required for meiotic chromosome segregation and belongs to the REC8/RAD21 cohesin gene family.
    Plant J. 1999 Aug;19(4):463-72 PMID: 10504568
  5. Cohesins form chromosomal cis-interactions at the developmentally regulated IFNG locus.
    Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):410-3 PMID: 19458616
  6. Transcriptional homogenization of rDNA repeats in the episome-based nucleolus induces genome-wide changes in the chromosomal distribution of condensin.
    Plasmid. 2008 Jan;59(1):45-53 PMID: 18023874
  7. Chromosome morphogenesis: condensin-dependent cohesin removal during meiosis.
    Cell. 2005 Nov 4;123(3):397-407 PMID: 16269332
  8. HTP-3 links DSB formation with homolog pairing and crossing over during C. elegans meiosis.
    Dev Cell. 2008 Feb;14(2):263-74 PMID: 18267094
  9. Clustering of yeast tRNA genes is mediated by specific association of condensin with tRNA gene transcription complexes.
    Genes Dev. 2008 Aug 15;22(16):2204-14 PMID: 18708579
  10. Cohesins functionally associate with CTCF on mammalian chromosome arms.
    Cell. 2008 Feb 8;132(3):422-33 PMID: 18237772
  11. Transcriptional interference--a crash course.
    Trends Genet. 2005 Jun;21(6):339-45 PMID: 15922833
  12. Preferential associations between co-regulated genes reveal a transcriptional interactome in erythroid cells.
    Nat Genet. 2010 Jan;42(1):53-61 PMID: 20010836
  13. Dosage compensation proteins targeted to X chromosomes by a determinant of hermaphrodite fate.
    Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1800-4 PMID: 10364546
  14. Compacting DNA during the interphase: condensin maintains rDNA integrity.
    Cell Cycle. 2007 Sep 15;6(18):2213-8 PMID: 17671437
  15. CTCF: master weaver of the genome.
    Cell. 2009 Jun 26;137(7):1194-211 PMID: 19563753
  16. Strategies to maintain the stability of the ribosomal RNA gene repeats--collaboration of recombination, cohesion, and condensation.
    Genes Genet Syst. 2006 Jun;81(3):155-61 PMID: 16905869
  17. Centromeric localization of dispersed Pol III genes in fission yeast.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2010 Jan 15;21(2):254-65 PMID: 19910488
  18. Shaping meiotic prophase chromosomes: cohesins and synaptonemal complex proteins.
    Chromosoma. 2006 Jun;115(3):235-40 PMID: 16518630
  19. How cohesin and CTCF cooperate in regulating gene expression.
    Chromosome Res. 2009;17(2):201-14 PMID: 19308701
  20. Meiotic chromosomes: integrating structure and function.
    Annu Rev Genet. 1999;33:603-754 PMID: 10690419
  21. Meiotic condensin is required for proper chromosome compaction, SC assembly, and resolution of recombination-dependent chromosome linkages.
    J Cell Biol. 2003 Dec 8;163(5):937-47 PMID: 14662740
  22. A role for TFIIIC transcription factor complex in genome organization.
    Cell. 2006 Jun 2;125(5):859-72 PMID: 16751097
  23. Aurora B controls the association of condensin I but not condensin II with mitotic chromosomes.
    J Cell Sci. 2007 Apr 1;120(Pt 7):1245-55 PMID: 17356064
  24. Cohesin cleavage by separase required for anaphase and cytokinesis in human cells.
    Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1320-3 PMID: 11509732
  25. xol-1: a gene that controls the male modes of both sex determination and X chromosome dosage compensation in C. elegans.
    Cell. 1988 Oct 7;55(1):167-83 PMID: 3167975
  26. Mutations in Arabidopsis condensin genes disrupt embryogenesis, meristem organization and segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
    Development. 2003 Jul;130(14):3283-95 PMID: 12783798
  27. The FK506 binding protein Fpr3 counteracts protein phosphatase 1 to maintain meiotic recombination checkpoint activity.
    Cell. 2005 Sep 23;122(6):861-73 PMID: 16179256
  28. CTCF mediates interchromosomal colocalization between Igf2/H19 and Wsb1/Nf1.
    Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):269-72 PMID: 16614224
  29. Interaction between differentially methylated regions partitions the imprinted genes Igf2 and H19 into parent-specific chromatin loops.
    Nat Genet. 2004 Aug;36(8):889-93 PMID: 15273689
  30. Clustered DNA motifs mark X chromosomes for repression by a dosage compensation complex.
    Nature. 2006 Nov 30;444(7119):614-8 PMID: 17122774
  31. Negative regulation of condensin I by CK2-mediated phosphorylation.
    EMBO J. 2006 Nov 15;25(22):5339-48 PMID: 17066080
  32. Absence of mouse REC8 cohesin promotes synapsis of sister chromatids in meiosis.
    Dev Cell. 2005 Jun;8(6):949-61 PMID: 15935783
  33. Polo kinase regulates mitotic chromosome condensation by hyperactivation of condensin DNA supercoiling activity.
    Mol Cell. 2009 May 14;34(4):416-26 PMID: 19481522
  34. Cell-type-specific TEV protease cleavage reveals cohesin functions in Drosophila neurons.
    Dev Cell. 2008 Feb;14(2):239-51 PMID: 18267092
  35. Recombination regulation by transcription-induced cohesin dissociation in rDNA repeats.
    Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1581-4 PMID: 16141077
  36. Mutation of YCS4, a budding yeast condensin subunit, affects mitotic and nonmitotic chromosome behavior.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2002 Feb;13(2):632-45 PMID: 11854418
  37. Metazoan Scc4 homologs link sister chromatid cohesion to cell and axon migration guidance.
    PLoS Biol. 2006 Jul;4(8):e242 PMID: 16802858
  38. Drosophila chromosome condensation proteins Topoisomerase II and Barren colocalize with Polycomb and maintain Fab-7 PRE silencing.
    Mol Cell. 2001 Jan;7(1):127-36 PMID: 11172718
  39. Condensins regulate meiotic DNA break distribution, thus crossover frequency, by controlling chromosome structure.
    Cell. 2009 Oct 2;139(1):73-86 PMID: 19781752
  40. The kleisin subunit of cohesin dictates damage-induced cohesion.
    Mol Cell. 2008 Jul 11;31(1):47-56 PMID: 18614046
  41. X-Chromosome dosage compensation.
    WormBook. 2005 Jun 25;:1-14 PMID: 18050416
  42. Cohesin Smc1beta determines meiotic chromatin axis loop organization.
    J Cell Biol. 2008 Jan 14;180(1):83-90 PMID: 18180366
  43. The unnamed complex: what do we know about Smc5-Smc6?
    Chromosome Res. 2009;17(2):251-63 PMID: 19308705
  44. C. elegans condensin promotes mitotic chromosome architecture, centromere organization, and sister chromatid segregation during mitosis and meiosis.
    Genes Dev. 2002 Mar 15;16(6):729-42 PMID: 11914278
  45. Three distinct condensin complexes control C. elegans chromosome dynamics.
    Curr Biol. 2009 Jan 13;19(1):9-19 PMID: 19119011
  46. Insulators: exploiting transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms.
    Nat Rev Genet. 2006 Sep;7(9):703-13 PMID: 16909129
  47. Synaptonemal complex assembly in C. elegans is dispensable for loading strand-exchange proteins but critical for proper completion of recombination.
    Dev Cell. 2003 Sep;5(3):463-74 PMID: 12967565
  48. Transcriptional termination enhances protein expression in human cells.
    Mol Cell. 2009 Feb 13;33(3):354-64 PMID: 19217409
  49. A central role for cohesins in sister chromatid cohesion, formation of axial elements, and recombination during yeast meiosis.
    Cell. 1999 Jul 9;98(1):91-103 PMID: 10412984
  50. xol-1 acts as an early switch in the C. elegans male/hermaphrodite decision.
    Cell. 1995 Jan 13;80(1):71-82 PMID: 7813020
  51. Yeast cohesin complex requires a conserved protein, Eco1p(Ctf7), to establish cohesion between sister chromatids during DNA replication.
    Genes Dev. 1999 Feb 1;13(3):320-33 PMID: 9990856
  52. Genome-wide mapping of the cohesin complex in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    PLoS Biol. 2004 Sep;2(9):E259 PMID: 15309048
  53. Targeting X chromosomes for repression.
    Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2010 Apr;20(2):179-89 PMID: 20381335
  54. Nucleolar clustering of dispersed tRNA genes.
    Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1399-401 PMID: 14631041
  55. A condensin-like dosage compensation complex acts at a distance to control expression throughout the genome.
    Genes Dev. 2009 Mar 1;23(5):602-18 PMID: 19270160
  56. Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion at the S. cerevisiae replication fork.
    Mol Cell. 2006 Sep 15;23(6):787-99 PMID: 16962805
  57. Cohesin: its roles and mechanisms.
    Annu Rev Genet. 2009;43:525-58 PMID: 19886810
  58. Phosphorylation of the cohesin subunit Scc1 by Polo/Cdc5 kinase regulates sister chromatid separation in yeast.
    Cell. 2001 May 18;105(4):459-72 PMID: 11371343
  59. A direct link between sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome condensation revealed through the analysis of MCD1 in S. cerevisiae.
    Cell. 1997 Oct 3;91(1):47-57 PMID: 9335334
  60. Association of cohesin and Nipped-B with transcriptionally active regions of the Drosophila melanogaster genome.
    Chromosoma. 2008 Feb;117(1):89-102 PMID: 17965872
  61. Condensin II resolves chromosomal associations to enable anaphase I segregation in Drosophila male meiosis.
    PLoS Genet. 2008 Oct;4(10):e1000228 PMID: 18927632
  62. Diverse mitotic and interphase functions of condensins in Drosophila.
    Genetics. 2006 Feb;172(2):991-1008 PMID: 16272408
  63. The C. elegans dosage compensation complex propagates dynamically and independently of X chromosome sequence.
    Curr Biol. 2009 Nov 17;19(21):1777-87 PMID: 19853451
  64. A CTCF-independent role for cohesin in tissue-specific transcription.
    Genome Res. 2010 May;20(5):578-88 PMID: 20219941
  65. Cohesins: chromosomal proteins that prevent premature separation of sister chromatids.
    Cell. 1997 Oct 3;91(1):35-45 PMID: 9335333
  66. DNA double-strand breaks trigger genome-wide sister-chromatid cohesion through Eco1 (Ctf7).
    Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):245-8 PMID: 17626885
  67. A screen for cohesion mutants uncovers Ssl3, the fission yeast counterpart of the cohesin loading factor Scc4.
    Curr Biol. 2006 May 9;16(9):875-81 PMID: 16682348
  68. Cornelia de Lange syndrome, cohesin, and beyond.
    Clin Genet. 2009 Oct;76(4):303-14 PMID: 19793304
  69. A molecular link between gene-specific and chromosome-wide transcriptional repression.
    Genes Dev. 2002 Apr 1;16(7):796-805 PMID: 11937488
  70. Eco1-dependent cohesin acetylation during establishment of sister chromatid cohesion.
    Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):563-6 PMID: 18653893
  71. Analysis of the role of Aurora B on the chromosomal targeting of condensin I.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(7):2403-12 PMID: 17392339
  72. Reconstitution and subunit geometry of human condensin complexes.
    EMBO J. 2007 Feb 21;26(4):1024-34 PMID: 17268547
  73. The Scc2/Scc4 cohesin loader determines the distribution of cohesin on budding yeast chromosomes.
    Genes Dev. 2009 Oct 1;23(19):2345-57 PMID: 19797771
  74. The boundaries of the silenced HMR domain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Genes Dev. 1999 Mar 15;13(6):698-708 PMID: 10090726
  75. Conserved features of cohesin binding along fission yeast chromosomes.
    Genome Biol. 2009;10(5):R52 PMID: 19454013
  76. Cohesinopathy mutations disrupt the subnuclear organization of chromatin.
    J Cell Biol. 2009 Nov 16;187(4):455-62 PMID: 19948494
  77. Cell type specificity of chromatin organization mediated by CTCF and cohesin.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 23;107(8):3651-6 PMID: 20133600
  78. Crossovers trigger a remodeling of meiotic chromosome axis composition that is linked to two-step loss of sister chromatid cohesion.
    Genes Dev. 2008 Oct 15;22(20):2886-901 PMID: 18923085
  79. Condensin restructures chromosomes in preparation for meiotic divisions.
    J Cell Biol. 2004 Nov 22;167(4):613-25 PMID: 15557118
  80. Chiasma formation: chromatin/axis interplay and the role(s) of the synaptonemal complex.
    Chromosoma. 2006 Jun;115(3):175-94 PMID: 16555016
  81. Nipped-B, a Drosophila homologue of chromosomal adherins, participates in activation by remote enhancers in the cut and Ultrabithorax genes.
    Genetics. 1999 Jun;152(2):577-93 PMID: 10353901
  82. Identification of Xenopus SMC protein complexes required for sister chromatid cohesion.
    Genes Dev. 1998 Jul 1;12(13):1986-97 PMID: 9649503
  83. Condensin: Architect of mitotic chromosomes.
    Chromosome Res. 2009;17(2):131-44 PMID: 19308696
  84. Cohesin SMC1beta protects telomeres in meiocytes.
    J Cell Biol. 2009 Oct 19;187(2):185-99 PMID: 19841137
  85. At the heart of the chromosome: SMC proteins in action.
    Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006 May;7(5):311-22 PMID: 16633335
  86. Alleles of afd1 dissect REC8 functions during meiotic prophase I.
    J Cell Sci. 2006 Aug 15;119(Pt 16):3306-15 PMID: 16868028
  87. Defective T-cell function leading to reduced antibody production in a kleisin-beta mutant mouse.
    Immunology. 2008 Oct;125(2):208-17 PMID: 18397266
  88. Drosophila aurora B kinase is required for histone H3 phosphorylation and condensin recruitment during chromosome condensation and to organize the central spindle during cytokinesis.
    J Cell Biol. 2001 Feb 19;152(4):669-82 PMID: 11266459
  89. The axial element protein HTP-3 promotes cohesin loading and meiotic axis assembly in C. elegans to implement the meiotic program of chromosome segregation.
    Genes Dev. 2009 Aug 1;23(15):1763-78 PMID: 19574299
  90. A mutation in a chromosome condensin II subunit, kleisin beta, specifically disrupts T cell development.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 24;104(30):12445-50 PMID: 17640884
  91. Parental imprinting of the mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene.
    Cell. 1991 Feb 22;64(4):849-59 PMID: 1997210
  92. Positional cloning and characterization of mouse mei8, a disrupted allelle of the meiotic cohesin Rec8.
    Genesis. 2004 Nov;40(3):184-94 PMID: 15515002
  93. An oestrogen-receptor-alpha-bound human chromatin interactome.
    Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):58-64 PMID: 19890323
  94. DPY-27:a chromosome condensation protein homolog that regulates C. elegans dosage compensation through association with the X chromosome.
    Cell. 1994 Nov 4;79(3):459-74 PMID: 7954812
  95. Active promoters and insulators are marked by the centrosomal protein 190.
    EMBO J. 2009 Apr 8;28(7):877-88 PMID: 19229299
  96. Identification of cis-acting sites for condensin loading onto budding yeast chromosomes.
    Genes Dev. 2008 Aug 15;22(16):2215-27 PMID: 18708580
  97. Cohesin relocation from sites of chromosomal loading to places of convergent transcription.
    Nature. 2004 Jul 29;430(6999):573-8 PMID: 15229615
  98. Human Scc4 is required for cohesin binding to chromatin, sister-chromatid cohesion, and mitotic progression.
    Curr Biol. 2006 May 9;16(9):863-74 PMID: 16682347
  99. Architectural roles of multiple chromatin insulators at the human apolipoprotein gene cluster.
    EMBO J. 2009 May 6;28(9):1234-45 PMID: 19322193
  100. Cohesin mediates transcriptional insulation by CCCTC-binding factor.
    Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):796-801 PMID: 18235444
  101. Postreplicative formation of cohesion is required for repair and induced by a single DNA break.
    Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):242-5 PMID: 17626884
  102. Building sister chromatid cohesion: smc3 acetylation counteracts an antiestablishment activity.
    Mol Cell. 2009 Mar 27;33(6):763-74 PMID: 19328069
  103. Cohesin SMC1 beta is required for meiotic chromosome dynamics, sister chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2004 Jun;6(6):555-62 PMID: 15146193
  104. Functional links between Drosophila Nipped-B and cohesin in somatic and meiotic cells.
    Chromosoma. 2008 Feb;117(1):51-66 PMID: 17909832
  105. Displacement and re-accumulation of centromeric cohesin during transient pre-anaphase centromere splitting.
    Chromosoma. 2007 Dec;116(6):531-44 PMID: 17763979
  106. CTCF physically links cohesin to chromatin.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jun 17;105(24):8309-14 PMID: 18550811
  107. The multiple roles of cohesin in meiotic chromosome morphogenesis and pairing.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Feb;20(3):1030-47 PMID: 19073884
  108. X chromosome repression by localization of the C. elegans dosage compensation machinery to sites of transcription initiation.
    Nat Genet. 2007 Mar;39(3):403-8 PMID: 17293863
  109. Cohesins localize with CTCF at the KSHV latency control region and at cellular c-myc and H19/Igf2 insulators.
    EMBO J. 2008 Feb 20;27(4):654-66 PMID: 18219272
  110. Cohesin's binding to chromosomes depends on a separate complex consisting of Scc2 and Scc4 proteins.
    Mol Cell. 2000 Feb;5(2):243-54 PMID: 10882066
  111. A molecular determinant for the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion.
    Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):566-9 PMID: 18653894
  112. Long-range communication between the silencers of HMR.
    Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Mar;28(6):1924-35 PMID: 18195043
  113. Transcriptional dysregulation in NIPBL and cohesin mutant human cells.
    PLoS Biol. 2009 May 5;7(5):e1000119 PMID: 19468298
  114. The Caenorhabditis elegans SCC-3 homologue is required for meiotic synapsis and for proper chromosome disjunction in mitosis and meiosis.
    Exp Cell Res. 2003 Oct 1;289(2):245-55 PMID: 14499625
  115. Studies of meiosis disclose distinct roles of cohesion in the core centromere and pericentromeric regions.
    Chromosome Res. 2009;17(2):239-49 PMID: 19308704
  116. Cohesin, gene expression and development: lessons from Drosophila.
    Chromosome Res. 2009;17(2):185-200 PMID: 19308700
  117. Acetylation of Smc3 by Eco1 is required for S phase sister chromatid cohesion in both human and yeast.
    Mol Cell. 2008 Jul 11;31(1):143-51 PMID: 18614053
  118. piggyBac-based mosaic screen identifies a postmitotic function for cohesin in regulating developmental axon pruning.
    Dev Cell. 2008 Feb;14(2):227-38 PMID: 18267091
  119. Cohesin Rec8 is required for reductional chromosome segregation at meiosis.
    Nature. 1999 Jul 29;400(6743):461-4 PMID: 10440376
  120. Cleavage of cohesin by the CD clan protease separin triggers anaphase in yeast.
    Cell. 2000 Oct 27;103(3):375-86 PMID: 11081625
  121. Mutations in the Drosophila condensin subunit dCAP-G: defining the role of condensin for chromosome condensation in mitosis and gene expression in interphase.
    Genetics. 2004 Oct;168(2):895-906 PMID: 15514062
  122. Chromosome alignment and transvection are antagonized by condensin II.
    Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1384-7 PMID: 19039137
  123. Differential contributions of condensin I and condensin II to mitotic chromosome architecture in vertebrate cells.
    Cell. 2003 Oct 3;115(1):109-21 PMID: 14532007
  124. A Caenorhabditis elegans cohesion protein with functions in meiotic chromosome pairing and disjunction.
    Genes Dev. 2001 Jun 1;15(11):1349-60 PMID: 11390355
  125. Cohesin complex promotes transcriptional termination between convergent genes in S. pombe.
    Cell. 2008 Mar 21;132(6):983-95 PMID: 18358811
  126. Cdc7-Drf1 kinase links chromosome cohesion to the initiation of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts.
    Genes Dev. 2008 Jul 15;22(14):1894-905 PMID: 18628396
Article Info
Journal
Nature reviews. Genetics
Abbr.
Nat Rev Genet
ISSN
1471-0064
DOI
10.1038/nrg2794
Published
2010-06-00
Epub
2010-00-05
Pages
391-404
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
100962779
PMCID
PMC3491780
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM030702 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM030702-30 · United States
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · United States
Wellcome Trust · United Kingdom
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/nrg2794 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2