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PMID: 15831825 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Pathogenesis of Afa/Dr diffusely adhering Escherichia coli.

Clinical microbiology reviews ·Vol. 18 ·No. 2 ·2005-04-00 ·Pages 264-92

Servin AL

Abstract

Over the last few years, dramatic increases in our knowledge about diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) pathogenesis have taken place. The typical class of DAEC includes E. coli strains harboring AfaE-I, AfaE-II, AfaE-III, AfaE-V, Dr, Dr-II, F1845, and NFA-I adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC); these strains (i) have an identical genetic organization and (ii) allow binding to human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) (Afa/Dr(DAF) subclass) or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (Afa/Dr(CEA) subclass). The atypical class of DAEC includes two subclasses of strains; the atypical subclass 1 includes E. coli strains that express AfaE-VII, AfaE-VIII, AAF-I, AAF-II, and AAF-III adhesins, which (i) have an identical genetic organization and (ii) do not bind to human DAF, and the atypical subclass 2 includes E. coli strains that harbor Afa/Dr adhesins or others adhesins promoting diffuse adhesion, together with pathogenicity islands such as the LEE pathogenicity island (DA-EPEC). In this review, the focus is on Afa/Dr DAEC strains that have been found to be associated with urinary tract infections and with enteric infection. The review aims to provide a broad overview and update of the virulence aspects of these intriguing pathogens. Epidemiological studies, diagnostic techniques, characteristic molecular features of Afa/Dr operons, and the respective role of Afa/Dr adhesins and invasins in pathogenesis are described. Following the recognition of membrane-bound receptors, including type IV collagen, DAF, CEACAM1, CEA, and CEACAM6, by Afa/Dr adhesins, activation of signal transduction pathways leads to structural and functional injuries at brush border and junctional domains and to proinflammatory responses in polarized intestinal cells. In addition, uropathogenic Afa/Dr DAEC strains, following recognition of beta(1) integrin as a receptor, enter epithelial cells by a zipper-like, raft- and microtubule-dependent mechanism. Finally, the presence of other, unknown virulence factors and the way that an Afa/Dr DAEC strain emerges from the human intestinal microbiota as a "silent pathogen" are discussed.

MeSH Terms
Adhesins, Escherichia coli/metabolism Animals Bacterial Adhesion Cell Line Escherichia coli/pathogenicity Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology,physiopathology Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism Hemagglutinins/metabolism Humans Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology,physiopathology Virulence
Chemicals
Adhesins, Escherichia coli Dr adhesin, E coli Escherichia coli Proteins Hemagglutinins
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Servin Alain L
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 510, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France. alain.servin@cep.u-psud.fr
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Article Info
Journal
Clinical microbiology reviews
Abbr.
Clin Microbiol Rev
ISSN
0893-8512
DOI
10.1128/CMR.18.2.264-292.2005
Email
alain.servin@cep.u-psud.fr
Published
2005-04-00
Pages
264-92
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8807282
PMCID
PMC1082796
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/CMR.18.2.264-292.2005 PMC Full Text View journal details
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