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PMID: 15590783 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Process of protein transport by the type III secretion system.

Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR ·Vol. 68 ·No. 4 ·2004-12-00 ·Pages 771-95

Ghosh P

Abstract

The type III secretion system (TTSS) of gram-negative bacteria is responsible for delivering bacterial proteins, termed effectors, from the bacterial cytosol directly into the interior of host cells. The TTSS is expressed predominantly by pathogenic bacteria and is usually used to introduce deleterious effectors into host cells. While biochemical activities of effectors vary widely, the TTSS apparatus used to deliver these effectors is conserved and shows functional complementarity for secretion and translocation. This review focuses on proteins that constitute the TTSS apparatus and on mechanisms that guide effectors to the TTSS apparatus for transport. The TTSS apparatus includes predicted integral inner membrane proteins that are conserved widely across TTSSs and in the basal body of the bacterial flagellum. It also includes proteins that are specific to the TTSS and contribute to ring-like structures in the inner membrane and includes secretin family members that form ring-like structures in the outer membrane. Most prominently situated on these coaxial, membrane-embedded rings is a needle-like or pilus-like structure that is implicated as a conduit for effector translocation into host cells. A short region of mRNA sequence or protein sequence in effectors acts as a signal sequence, directing proteins for transport through the TTSS. Additionally, a number of effectors require the action of specific TTSS chaperones for efficient and physiologically meaningful translocation into host cells. Numerous models explaining how effectors are transported into host cells have been proposed, but understanding of this process is incomplete and this topic remains an active area of inquiry.

MeSH Terms
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism,physiology Molecular Chaperones/physiology Protein Transport
Chemicals
Bacterial Proteins Molecular Chaperones
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ghosh Partho
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0314, USA. pghosh@ucsd.edu
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Article Info
Journal
Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
Abbr.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
ISSN
1092-2172
DOI
10.1128/MMBR.68.4.771-795.2004
Email
pghosh@ucsd.edu
Published
2004-12-00
Pages
771-95
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
9706653
PMCID
PMC539011
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI047163 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI47163 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.68.4.771-795.2004 PMC Full Text View journal details
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