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PMID: 12368864 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

Nature ·Vol. 419 ·No. 6906 ·2002-10-03 ·Pages 498-511

Gardner MJ, Hall N, Fung E, White O, Berriman M, Hyman RW, Carlton JM, Pain A, Nelson KE, Bowman S, Paulsen IT, James K, Eisen JA, Rutherford K, Salzberg SL, Craig A, Kyes S, Chan MS, Nene V, Shallom SJ, Suh B, Peterson J, Angiuoli S, Pertea M, Allen J, Selengut J, Haft D, Mather MW, Vaidya AB, Martin DM, Fairlamb AH, Fraunholz MJ, Roos DS, Ralph SA, McFadden GI, Cummings LM, Subramanian GM, Mungall C, Venter JC, Carucci DJ, Hoffman SL, Newbold C, Davis RW, Fraser CM, Barrell B

Abstract

The parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of malaria, and kills more than one million African children annually. Here we report an analysis of the genome sequence of P. falciparum clone 3D7. The 23-megabase nuclear genome consists of 14 chromosomes, encodes about 5,300 genes, and is the most (A + T)-rich genome sequenced to date. Genes involved in antigenic variation are concentrated in the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes. Compared to the genomes of free-living eukaryotic microbes, the genome of this intracellular parasite encodes fewer enzymes and transporters, but a large proportion of genes are devoted to immune evasion and host-parasite interactions. Many nuclear-encoded proteins are targeted to the apicoplast, an organelle involved in fatty-acid and isoprenoid metabolism. The genome sequence provides the foundation for future studies of this organism, and is being exploited in the search for new drugs and vaccines to fight malaria.

MeSH Terms
Animals Chromosome Structures DNA Repair DNA Replication DNA, Protozoan/biosynthesis,genetics Evolution, Molecular Genome, Protozoan Humans Malaria Vaccines Malaria, Falciparum/immunology,parasitology,prevention & control Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics,metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Plasmodium falciparum/genetics,immunology,metabolism Plastids/genetics Proteome Protozoan Proteins/genetics,metabolism,physiology Recombination, Genetic Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
Chemicals
DNA, Protozoan Malaria Vaccines Membrane Transport Proteins Proteome Protozoan Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
45 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Gardner Malcolm J
The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. gardner@tigr.org
Hall Neil
Fung Eula
White Owen
Berriman Matthew
Hyman Richard W
Carlton Jane M
Pain Arnab
Nelson Karen E
Bowman Sharen
Paulsen Ian T
James Keith
Eisen Jonathan A
Rutherford Kim
Salzberg Steven L
Craig Alister
Kyes Sue
Chan Man-Suen
Nene Vishvanath
Shallom Shamira J
Suh Bernard
Peterson Jeremy
Angiuoli Sam
Pertea Mihaela
Allen Jonathan
Selengut Jeremy
Haft Daniel
Mather Michael W
Vaidya Akhil B
Martin David M A
Fairlamb Alan H
Fraunholz Martin J
Roos David S
Ralph Stuart A
McFadden Geoffrey I
Cummings Leda M
Subramanian G Mani
Mungall Chris
Venter J Craig
Carucci Daniel J
Hoffman Stephen L
Newbold Chris
Davis Ronald W
Fraser Claire M
Barrell Bart
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Article Info
Journal
Nature
Abbr.
Nature
ISSN
0028-0836
DOI
10.1038/nature01097
Email
gardner@tigr.org
Published
2002-10-03
Pages
498-511
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0410462
PMCID
PMC3836256
Subset
IM
Grants
Wellcome Trust · 061524 · United Kingdom
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI028398 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
AE014185, AE014186, AE014187, AE014188, AL844501, AL844502, AL844503, AL844504, AL844505, AL844506, AL844507, AL844508, AL844509
Corrections
CommentIn
PMID: 12368829
CommentIn
PMID: 12368831
CommentIn
PMID: 12368860
CommentIn
PMID: 12368861
CommentIn
PMID: 12368862
CommentIn
PMID: 12511928
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/nature01097 PMC Full Text View journal details
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