Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 10198066 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The Drosophila melanogaster homologue of the Xeroderma pigmentosum D gene product is located in euchromatic regions and has a dynamic response to UV light-induced lesions in polytene chromosomes.

Molecular biology of the cell ·Vol. 10 ·No. 4 ·1999-04-00 ·Pages 1191-203

Reynaud E, Lomelí H, Vázquez M, Zurita M

Abstract

The XPD/ERCC2/Rad3 gene is required for excision repair of UV-damaged DNA and is an important component of nucleotide excision repair. Mutations in the XPD gene generate the cancer-prone syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne's syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. XPD has a 5'- to 3'-helicase activity and is a component of the TFIIH transcription factor, which is essential for RNA polymerase II elongation. We present here the characterization of the Drosophila melanogaster XPD gene (DmXPD). DmXPD encodes a product that is highly related to its human homologue. The DmXPD protein is ubiquitous during development. In embryos at the syncytial blastoderm stage, DmXPD is cytoplasmic. At the onset of transcription in somatic cells and during gastrulation in germ cells, DmXPD moves to the nuclei. Distribution analysis in polytene chromosomes shows that DmXPD is highly concentrated in the interbands, especially in the highly transcribed regions known as puffs. UV-light irradiation of third-instar larvae induces an increase in the signal intensity and in the number of sites where the DmXPD protein is located in polytene chromosomes, indicating that the DmXPD protein is recruited intensively in the chromosomes as a response to DNA damage. This is the first time that the response to DNA damage by UV-light irradiation can be visualized directly on the chromosomes using one of the TFIIH components.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals Blastoderm/enzymology,physiology Chromosomes/genetics,radiation effects DNA Helicases/chemistry,genetics,metabolism DNA Repair DNA-Binding Proteins Drosophila melanogaster/genetics,growth & development,radiation effects Embryo, Nonmammalian/enzymology,physiology Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Humans Larva Molecular Sequence Data Proteins/chemistry,genetics,metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics Sequence Alignment Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Transcription Factors Ultraviolet Rays Xeroderma Pigmentosum/genetics Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein
Chemicals
DNA-Binding Proteins Proteins Transcription Factors DNA Helicases Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein ERCC2 protein, human
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Reynaud E
Department of Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250 México.
Lomelí H
Vázquez M
Zurita M
References (47)
47 references, click to expand
  1. Yeast RNA polymerase II transcription in vitro is inhibited in the presence of nucleotide excision repair: complementation of inhibition by Holo-TFIIH and requirement for RAD26.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1998 May;18(5):2668-76 PMID: 9566886
  2. SSL2, a suppressor of a stem-loop mutation in the HIS4 leader encodes the yeast homolog of human ERCC-3.
    Cell. 1992 Jun 12;69(6):1031-42 PMID: 1318786
  3. Transcriptional activation independent of TFIIH kinase and the RNA polymerase II mediator in vivo.
    Nature. 1998 May 28;393(6683):389-92 PMID: 9620805
  4. Dual functions of DNA repair genes: molecular, cellular, and clinical implications.
    Bioessays. 1998 Feb;20(2):146-55 PMID: 9631660
  5. Xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein complex is the initiator of global genome nucleotide excision repair.
    Mol Cell. 1998 Aug;2(2):223-32 PMID: 9734359
  6. Xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne's syndrome, helicases, and DNA repair: what's the relationship?
    Cell. 1992 Dec 11;71(6):887-9 PMID: 1458537
  7. A Drosophila model for xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne's syndrome: haywire encodes the fly homolog of ERCC3, a human excision repair gene.
    Cell. 1992 Dec 11;71(6):925-37 PMID: 1458540
  8. DNA repair and transcription: the helicase connection.
    Science. 1993 Apr 2;260(5104):37-8 PMID: 8465198
  9. DNA repair helicase: a component of BTF2 (TFIIH) basic transcription factor.
    Science. 1993 Apr 2;260(5104):58-63 PMID: 8465201
  10. Cockayne syndrome: review of 140 cases.
    Am J Med Genet. 1992 Jan 1;42(1):68-84 PMID: 1308368
  11. Dual roles of a multiprotein complex from S. cerevisiae in transcription and DNA repair.
    Cell. 1993 Dec 31;75(7):1379-87 PMID: 8269516
  12. Cell shape and interaction defects in alpha-spectrin mutants of Drosophila melanogaster.
    J Cell Biol. 1993 Dec;123(6 Pt 2):1797-809 PMID: 8276898
  13. DNA repair gene RAD3 of S. cerevisiae is essential for transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    Nature. 1994 Jan 6;367(6458):91-4 PMID: 8107780
  14. Cloning the Drosophila homolog of the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C gene reveals homology between the predicted human and Drosophila polypeptides and that encoded by the yeast RAD4 gene.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Feb 11;22(3):257-61 PMID: 8127661
  15. RAD25 is a DNA helicase required for DNA repair and RNA polymerase II transcription.
    Nature. 1994 Jun 16;369(6481):578-81 PMID: 8202161
  16. The MO15 cell cycle kinase is associated with the TFIIH transcription-DNA repair factor.
    Cell. 1994 Dec 16;79(6):1093-101 PMID: 8001135
  17. Relationship of CDK-activating kinase and RNA polymerase II CTD kinase TFIIH/TFIIK.
    Cell. 1994 Dec 16;79(6):1103-9 PMID: 8001136
  18. Association of Cdk-activating kinase subunits with transcription factor TFIIH.
    Nature. 1995 Mar 16;374(6519):280-2 PMID: 7885450
  19. Cdk-activating kinase complex is a component of human transcription factor TFIIH.
    Nature. 1995 Mar 16;374(6519):283-7 PMID: 7533895
  20. Mammalian DNA nucleotide excision repair reconstituted with purified protein components.
    Cell. 1995 Mar 24;80(6):859-68 PMID: 7697716
  21. RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain required for enhancer-driven transcription.
    Nature. 1995 Apr 13;374(6523):660-2 PMID: 7715709
  22. Expression and functional analyses of the Dxpa gene, the Drosophila homolog of the human excision repair gene XPA.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 22;270(38):22452-9 PMID: 7673233
  23. Nucleotide excision repair and the link with transcription.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 Oct;20(10):402-5 PMID: 8533152
  24. The Drosophila meiotic recombination gene mei-9 encodes a homologue of the yeast excision repair protein Rad1.
    Genetics. 1995 Oct;141(2):619-27 PMID: 8647398
  25. Relationships between DNA repair and transcription.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1996;65:15-42 PMID: 8811173
  26. DNA excision repair.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1996;65:43-81 PMID: 8811174
  27. DNA repair in eukaryotes.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1996;65:135-67 PMID: 8811177
  28. Substrate specificity of the cdk-activating kinase (CAK) is altered upon association with TFIIH.
    EMBO J. 1997 Apr 1;16(7):1628-37 PMID: 9130708
  29. Regulation of CDK7 substrate specificity by MAT1 and TFIIH.
    EMBO J. 1997 Apr 1;16(7):1638-46 PMID: 9130709
  30. DNA excision repair pathways.
    Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1997 Apr;7(2):158-69 PMID: 9115419
  31. Transcriptionally repressed germ cells lack a subpopulation of phosphorylated RNA polymerase II in early embryos of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster.
    Development. 1997 Jun;124(11):2191-201 PMID: 9187145
  32. Xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy are associated with different mutations in the XPD (ERCC2) repair/transcription gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Aug 5;94(16):8658-63 PMID: 9238033
  33. The cdk7-cyclin H-MAT1 complex associated with TFIIH is localized in coiled bodies.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1997 Jul;8(7):1207-17 PMID: 9243502
  34. A role for TFIIH in controlling the activity of early RNA polymerase II elongation complexes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Aug 19;94(17):9006-10 PMID: 9256425
  35. Nuclear distribution of transcription factors in relation to sites of transcription and RNA polymerase II.
    J Cell Sci. 1997 Aug;110 ( Pt 15):1781-91 PMID: 9264465
  36. Antisense suppression of the putative ribosomal protein S3A gene disrupts ovarian development in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1997 Oct;256(4):462-7 PMID: 9393444
  37. Repression of TFIIH transcriptional activity and TFIIH-associated cdk7 kinase activity at mitosis.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Mar;18(3):1467-76 PMID: 9488463
  38. Parameters controlling transcriptional activation during early Drosophila development.
    Cell. 1986 Mar 28;44(6):871-7 PMID: 2420468
  39. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
    Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 PMID: 5432063
  40. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.
    Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 PMID: 942051
  41. Ultrastructural patterns of RNA synthesis during early embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster.
    Cell. 1976 Jun;8(2):305-19 PMID: 822943
  42. Increase in nuclear poly(A)-containing RNA at syncytial blastoderm in Drosophila melanogaster embryos.
    Dev Biol. 1976 Aug;52(1):31-42 PMID: 823060
  43. "Western blotting": electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A.
    Anal Biochem. 1981 Apr;112(2):195-203 PMID: 6266278
  44. DNA repair in an active gene: removal of pyrimidine dimers from the DHFR gene of CHO cells is much more efficient than in the genome overall.
    Cell. 1985 Feb;40(2):359-69 PMID: 3838150
  45. A cytogenetic analysis of the Punch-tudor region of chromosome 2R in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Genetics. 1989 Feb;121(2):273-80 PMID: 2499509
  46. ERCC2: cDNA cloning and molecular characterization of a human nucleotide excision repair gene with high homology to yeast RAD3.
    EMBO J. 1990 May;9(5):1437-47 PMID: 2184031
  47. Posttranslational inhibition of Ty1 retrotransposition by nucleotide excision repair/transcription factor TFIIH subunits Ssl2p and Rad3p.
    Genetics. 1998 Apr;148(4):1743-61 PMID: 9560391
Article Info
Journal
Molecular biology of the cell
Abbr.
Mol Biol Cell
ISSN
1059-1524
DOI
10.1091/mbc.10.4.1191
Published
1999-04-00
Pages
1191-203
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
9201390
PMCID
PMC25250
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1091/mbc.10.4.1191 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2