Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 9192694 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

The AP2 domain of APETALA2 defines a large new family of DNA binding proteins in Arabidopsis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 94 ·No. 13 ·1997-06-24 ·Pages 7076-81

Okamuro JK, Caster B, Villarroel R, Van Montagu M, Jofuku KD

Abstract

APETALA2 (AP2) plays an important role in the control of Arabidopsis flower and seed development and encodes a putative transcription factor that is distinguished by a novel DNA binding motif referred to as the AP2 domain. In this study we show that the AP2 domain containing or RAP2 (related to AP2) family of proteins is encoded by a minimum of 12 genes in Arabidopsis. The RAP2 genes encode two classes of proteins, AP2-like and EREBP-like, that are defined by the number of AP2 domains in each polypeptide as well as by two sequence motifs referred to as the YRG and RAYD elements that are located within each AP2 domain. RAP2 genes are differentially expressed in flower, leaf, inflorescence stem, and root. Moreover, the expression of at least three RAP2 genes in vegetative tissues are controlled by AP2. Thus, unlike other floral homeotic genes, AP2 is active during both reproductive and vegetative development.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis/genetics Arabidopsis Proteins Base Sequence Gene Expression Genes, Plant Homeodomain Proteins/genetics Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family Nuclear Proteins/genetics Plant Proteins/genetics Protein Structure, Secondary
Chemicals
APETALA2 protein, Arabidopsis Arabidopsis Proteins Homeodomain Proteins Nuclear Proteins Plant Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Okamuro J K
Department of Biology, Sinsheimer Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Caster B
Villarroel R
Van Montagu M
Jofuku K D
References (33)
33 references, click to expand
  1. Genetic interactions among floral homeotic genes of Arabidopsis.
    Development. 1991 May;112(1):1-20 PMID: 1685111
  2. Computer programs to identify and classify amphipathic alpha helical domains.
    J Lipid Res. 1992 Feb;33(2):287-96 PMID: 1569380
  3. Homeotic Transformation of Ovules into Carpel-like Structures in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 1994 Mar;6(3):333-349 PMID: 12244239
  4. Negative regulation of the Arabidopsis homeotic gene AGAMOUS by the APETALA2 product.
    Cell. 1991 Jun 14;65(6):991-1002 PMID: 1675158
  5. Mechanism of specificity in the Fos-Jun oncoprotein heterodimer.
    Cell. 1992 Feb 21;68(4):699-708 PMID: 1739975
  6. Prediction of protein secondary structure at better than 70% accuracy.
    J Mol Biol. 1993 Jul 20;232(2):584-99 PMID: 8345525
  7. Early flower development in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 1990 Aug;2(8):755-67 PMID: 2152125
  8. Further progress towards a catalogue of all Arabidopsis genes: analysis of a set of 5000 non-redundant ESTs.
    Plant J. 1996 Jan;9(1):101-24 PMID: 8580968
  9. Rapid identification of yeast artificial chromosome clones by matrix pooling and crude lysate PCR.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 11;18(23):7191-2 PMID: 2263507
  10. The ethylene signal transduction pathway in plants.
    Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):667-75 PMID: 7732375
  11. Ethylene-inducible DNA binding proteins that interact with an ethylene-responsive element.
    Plant Cell. 1995 Feb;7(2):173-82 PMID: 7756828
  12. AP2 Gene Determines the Identity of Perianth Organs in Flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Plant Cell. 1989 Dec;1(12):1195-1208 PMID: 12359889
  13. Cross-family dimerization of transcription factors Fos/Jun and ATF/CREB alters DNA binding specificity.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3720-4 PMID: 1827203
  14. Basic local alignment search tool.
    J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10 PMID: 2231712
  15. Global and local genome mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana by using recombinant inbred lines and random amplified polymorphic DNAs.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 15;89(4):1477-81 PMID: 1346933
  16. PHD: predicting one-dimensional protein structure by profile-based neural networks.
    Methods Enzymol. 1996;266:525-39 PMID: 8743704
  17. The AINTEGUMENTA gene of Arabidopsis required for ovule and female gametophyte development is related to the floral homeotic gene APETALA2.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Feb;8(2):137-53 PMID: 8742706
  18. Systematic screening of yeast artificial-chromosome libraries by use of the polymerase chain reaction.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(3):1213-7 PMID: 2405397
  19. AINTEGUMENTA, an APETALA2-like gene of Arabidopsis with pleiotropic roles in ovule development and floral organ growth.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Feb;8(2):155-68 PMID: 8742707
  20. DNA binding properties of two Arabidopsis MADS domain proteins: binding consensus and dimer formation.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Jan;8(1):81-94 PMID: 8597661
  21. The APETALA2 domain is related to a novel type of DNA binding domain.
    Plant Cell. 1995 Apr;7(4):388-9 PMID: 7773013
  22. Function of the apetala-1 gene during Arabidopsis floral development.
    Plant Cell. 1990 Aug;2(8):741-53 PMID: 1983792
  23. Genes galore: a summary of methods for accessing results from large-scale partial sequencing of anonymous Arabidopsis cDNA clones.
    Plant Physiol. 1994 Dec;106(4):1241-55 PMID: 7846151
  24. A Dissociation insertion causes a semidominant mutation that increases expression of TINY, an Arabidopsis gene related to APETALA2.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Apr;8(4):659-71 PMID: 8624440
  25. Dimerization specificity of Arabidopsis MADS domain homeotic proteins APETALA1, APETALA3, PISTILLATA, and AGAMOUS.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 May 14;93(10):4793-8 PMID: 8643482
  26. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 PMID: 7984417
  27. An inventory of 1152 expressed sequence tags obtained by partial sequencing of cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Plant J. 1993 Dec;4(6):1051-61 PMID: 8281187
  28. A Seed Shape Mutant of Arabidopsis That Is Affected in Integument Development.
    Plant Cell. 1994 Mar;6(3):385-392 PMID: 12244241
  29. Control of Arabidopsis flower and seed development by the homeotic gene APETALA2.
    Plant Cell. 1994 Sep;6(9):1211-25 PMID: 7919989
  30. Genes directing flower development in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 1989 Jan;1(1):37-52 PMID: 2535466
  31. Combining evolutionary information and neural networks to predict protein secondary structure.
    Proteins. 1994 May;19(1):55-72 PMID: 8066087
  32. The genetics of flower development: from floral induction to ovule morphogenesis.
    Annu Rev Genet. 1995;29:19-39 PMID: 8825467
  33. The CIC library: a large insert YAC library for genome mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Plant J. 1995 Nov;8(5):763-70 PMID: 8528287
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.94.13.7076
Published
1997-06-24
Pages
7076-81
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC21287
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM46309 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · RR08132 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
AF003094, AF003095, AF003096, AF003097, AF003098, AF003099, AF003100, AF003101, AF003102, AF003103, AF003104, AF003105
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.13.7076 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2