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PMID: 8942954 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Memory systems in the brain and localization of a memory.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 93 ·No. 24 ·1996-11-26 ·Pages 13438-44

Thompson RF, Kim JJ

Abstract

It is now clear that there are a number of different forms or aspects of learning and memory that involve different brain systems. Broadly, memory phenomena have been categorized as explicit or implicit. Thus, explicit memories for experience involve the hippocampus-medial temporal lobe system and implicit basic associative learning and memory involves the cerebellum, amygdala, and other systems. Under normal conditions, however, many of these brain-memory systems are engaged to some degree in learning situations. But each of these brain systems is learning something different about the situation. The cerebellum is necessary for classical conditioning of discrete behavioral responses (eyeblink, limb flexion) under all conditions; however, in the "trace" procedure where a period of no stimuli intervenes between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus the hippocampus plays a critical role. Trace conditioning appears to provide a simple model of explicit memory where analysis of brain substrates is feasible. Analysis of the role of the cerebellum in basic delay conditioning (stimuli overlap) indicates that the memories are formed and stored in the cerebellum. The phenomenon of cerebellar long-term depression is considered as a putative mechanism of memory storage.

MeSH Terms
Animals Blinking Brain/physiology Cerebellar Cortex/physiology Cerebellum/physiology Conditioning, Classical Hippocampus/physiology Humans Learning Memory/physiology Models, Neurological Models, Psychological Temporal Lobe/physiology
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Thompson R F
Neurosciences Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-2520, USA.
Kim J J
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Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.93.24.13438
Published
1996-11-26
Pages
13438-44
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC33628
Subset
IM
Grants
NIA NIH HHS · P50 AG005142 · United States
NIA NIH HHS · AG05142 · United States
NIMH NIH HHS · MH52194 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13438 PMC Full Text View journal details
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