Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8070396 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

The crystal structure of elongation factor G complexed with GDP, at 2.7 A resolution.

The EMBO journal ·Vol. 13 ·No. 16 ·1994-08-15 ·Pages 3661-8

Czworkowski J, Wang J, Steitz TA, Moore PB

Abstract

Elongation factor G (EF-G) catalyzes the translocation step of protein synthesis in bacteria, and like the other bacterial elongation factor, EF-Tu--whose structure is already known--it is a member of the GTPase superfamily. We have determined the crystal structure of EF-G--GDP from Thermus thermophilus. It is an elongated molecule whose large, N-terminal domain resembles the G domain of EF-Tu, except for a 90 residue insert, which covers a surface that is involved in nucleotide exchange in EF-Tu and other G proteins. The tertiary structures of the second domains of EF-G and EF-Tu are nearly identical, but the relative placement of the first two domains in EF-G--GDP resembles that seen in EF-Tu--GTP, not EF-Tu--GDP. The remaining three domains of EF-G look like RNA binding domains, and have no counterparts in EF-Tu.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Binding Sites Crystallography, X-Ray GTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation Factors/chemistry,metabolism Guanosine Diphosphate/chemistry Models, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Peptide Chain Elongation, Translational Peptide Elongation Factor G Peptide Elongation Factor Tu/chemistry Peptide Elongation Factors/chemistry,metabolism Thermus thermophilus/chemistry,enzymology
Chemicals
Peptide Elongation Factor G Peptide Elongation Factors Guanosine Diphosphate GTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation Factors Peptide Elongation Factor Tu
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Czworkowski J
Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.
Wang J
Steitz T A
Moore P B
References (41)
41 references, click to expand
  1. Studies on polypeptide-chain-elongation factors from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. 1. Purification and some properties of the purified factors.
    Eur J Biochem. 1978 Dec;92(2):509-19 PMID: 738277
  2. Ribosomal translocation: facts and models.
    Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1985;32:75-114 PMID: 3911279
  3. Three-dimensional structure of the ribosomal translocase: elongation factor G from Thermus thermophilus.
    EMBO J. 1994 Aug 15;13(16):3669-77 PMID: 8070397
  4. Evidence that the G2661 region of 23S rRNA is located at the ribosomal binding sites of both elongation factors.
    Biochimie. 1987 Sep;69(9):911-23 PMID: 3126829
  5. Crystal structure of the RNA-binding domain of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A.
    Nature. 1990 Dec 6;348(6301):515-20 PMID: 2147232
  6. Distantly related sequences in the alpha- and beta-subunits of ATP synthase, myosin, kinases and other ATP-requiring enzymes and a common nucleotide binding fold.
    EMBO J. 1982;1(8):945-51 PMID: 6329717
  7. The crystal structure of elongation factor EF-Tu from Thermus aquaticus in the GTP conformation.
    Structure. 1993 Sep 15;1(1):35-50 PMID: 8069622
  8. Factor-free ("non-enzymic") and factor-dependent systems of translation of polyuridylic acid by Escherichia coli ribosomes.
    J Mol Biol. 1976 Mar 15;101(4):537-52 PMID: 772221
  9. Studies on the polypeptide elongation factors form E. coli. VI. Characterization of sulfhydryl groups in EF-Tu and EF-Ts.
    J Biochem. 1974 Sep;76(3):523-34 PMID: 4612030
  10. Elongation factor 2. Amino acid sequence at the site of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation.
    J Biol Chem. 1974 Aug 25;249(16):5088-93 PMID: 4368673
  11. Ribosomes cannot interact simultaneously with elongation factors EF Tu and EF G.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Mar;69(3):686-9 PMID: 4551984
  12. Some characteristics of and structural requirements for the interaction of 24,25-dihydrofusidic acid with ribosome - elongation factor g Complexes.
    Biochemistry. 1975 Apr 22;14(8):1713-8 PMID: 1092341
  13. Nucleotide sequence of the Thermus thermophilus HB8 gene coding for elongation factor G.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 11;17(21):8863 PMID: 2587224
  14. Fusidic acid-resistant mutants define three regions in elongation factor G of Salmonella typhimurium.
    Gene. 1994 May 27;143(1):55-9 PMID: 7515367
  15. Resolution of phase ambiguity in macromolecular crystallography.
    Methods Enzymol. 1985;115:90-112 PMID: 4079800
  16. RESOLUTION OF THE E. COLI AMINO ACYL SRNA TRANSFER FACTOR INTO TWO COMPLEMENTARY FRACTIONS.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Jun;51:1211-6 PMID: 14215646
  17. The identification of a domain in Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu that interacts with elongation factor Ts.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 5;267(31):22198-205 PMID: 1429571
  18. In vivo selection of conditional-lethal mutations in the gene encoding elongation factor G of Escherichia coli.
    J Bacteriol. 1994 Jan;176(1):123-9 PMID: 8282687
  19. A simplified procedure for the isolation of bacterial polypeptide elongation factor EF-Tu.
    Anal Biochem. 1980 May 1;104(1):29-36 PMID: 6992647
  20. Structure of the recA protein-ADP complex.
    Nature. 1992 Jan 23;355(6358):374-6 PMID: 1731253
  21. Ribotoxin recognition of ribosomal RNA and a proposal for the mechanism of translocation.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1992 Jul;17(7):266-9 PMID: 1502728
  22. Diphtheria toxin: mode of action and structure.
    Bacteriol Rev. 1975 Mar;39(1):54-85 PMID: 164179
  23. The GTPase superfamily: conserved structure and molecular mechanism.
    Nature. 1991 Jan 10;349(6305):117-27 PMID: 1898771
  24. Interaction of the isolated domain II/III of Thermus thermophilus elongation factor Tu with the nucleotide exchange factor EF-Ts.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 11;18(23):6889-93 PMID: 2263451
  25. Comparison of guanosine triphosphate split and polypeptide synthesis with a purified E. coli system.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Jan;55(1):212-9 PMID: 4287350
  26. Refined structure of elongation factor EF-Tu from Escherichia coli.
    J Mol Biol. 1992 Feb 5;223(3):721-42 PMID: 1542116
  27. INTERMOLECULAR CROSS LINKING OF A PROTEIN IN THE CRYSTALLINE STATE: CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-A.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Sep;52:833-9 PMID: 14212562
  28. The role of guanosine 5'-triphosphate in polypeptide chain elongation.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Sep 21;505(1):95-127 PMID: 361078
  29. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for tRNA binding to the ribosome and for the translocation reaction.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4703-12 PMID: 1537853
  30. Translocation of messenger RNA and "accommodation" of fMet-tRNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Aug;68(8):1791-5 PMID: 5288766
  31. Interaction of elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu with a conserved loop in 23S RNA.
    Nature. 1988 Jul 28;334(6180):362-4 PMID: 2455872
  32. Isolation and characterization of the Drosophila translational elongation factor 2 gene.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Sep 25;17(18):7303-14 PMID: 2508059
  33. Early evolutionary relationships among known life forms inferred from elongation factor EF-2/EF-G sequences: phylogenetic coherence and structure of the archaeal domain.
    J Mol Evol. 1992 May;34(5):396-405 PMID: 1602493
  34. Isolation of the protein synthesis elongation factors EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G from Escherichia coli.
    Methods Enzymol. 1979;60:593-606 PMID: 379535
  35. Solution of the ribosome riddle: how the ribosome selects the correct aminoacyl-tRNA out of 41 similar contestants.
    Mol Microbiol. 1993 Aug;9(4):661-9 PMID: 7694034
  36. Crystal structure of active elongation factor Tu reveals major domain rearrangements.
    Nature. 1993 Sep 9;365(6442):126-32 PMID: 8371755
  37. Movement of the ribosome along the messenger ribonucleic acid during protein synthesis.
    Biochemistry. 1971 Nov 23;10(24):4410-21 PMID: 4946921
  38. Crystallographic R factor refinement by molecular dynamics.
    Science. 1987 Jan 23;235(4787):458-60 PMID: 17810339
  39. MECHANISM OF PEPTIDE BOND FORMATION IN POLYPEPTIDE SYNTHESIS.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Jun;51:1291-9 PMID: 14215654
  40. Trp221 is involved in the protective effect of elongation factor eEF-2 on the ricin/alpha-sarcin site of the ribosome.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 15;268(35):26082-4 PMID: 8253723
  41. Amino acid transfer from aminoacyl-ribonucleic acids to protein on ribosomes of Escherichia coli.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1961 Apr 15;47:497-504 PMID: 13727926
Article Info
Journal
The EMBO journal
Abbr.
EMBO J
ISSN
0261-4189
Published
1994-08-15
Pages
3661-8
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
8208664
PMCID
PMC395276
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI-09167 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM22778 · United States
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2