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PMID: 7799926 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Gene conversion as a secondary mechanism of short interspersed element (SINE) evolution.

Molecular and cellular biology ·Vol. 15 ·No. 1 ·1995-01-00 ·Pages 19-25

Kass DH, Batzer MA, Deininger PL

Abstract

The Alu repetitive family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) in primates can be subdivided into distinct subfamilies by specific diagnostic nucleotide changes. The older subfamilies are generally very abundant, while the younger subfamilies have fewer copies. Some of the youngest Alu elements are absent in the orthologous loci of nonhuman primates, indicative of recent retroposition events, the primary mode of SINE evolution. PCR analysis of one young Alu subfamily (Sb2) member found in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene apparently revealed the presence of this element in the green monkey, orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee genomes, as well as the human genome. However, sequence analysis of these genomes revealed a highly mutated, older, primate-specific Alu element was present at this position in the nonhuman primates. Comparison of the flanking DNA sequences upstream of this Alu insertion corresponded to evolution expected for standard primate phylogeny, but comparison of the Alu repeat sequences revealed that the human element departed from this phylogeny. The change in the human sequence apparently occurred by a gene conversion event only within the Alu element itself, converting it from one of the oldest to one of the youngest Alu subfamilies. Although gene conversions of Alu elements are clearly very rare, this finding shows that such events can occur and contribute to specific cases of SINE subfamily evolution.

Related Genes
Alu SINE
MeSH Terms
Animals Base Sequence Biological Evolution DNA Primers/chemistry Gene Conversion Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family Primates/genetics Receptors, LDL/genetics Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid Sequence Alignment Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Chemicals
DNA Primers Receptors, LDL
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Kass D H
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112.
Batzer M A
Deininger P L
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Article Info
Journal
Molecular and cellular biology
Abbr.
Mol Cell Biol
ISSN
0270-7306
DOI
10.1128/MCB.15.1.19
Published
1995-01-00
Pages
19-25
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8109087
PMCID
PMC231903
Subset
IM
Grants
NHGRI NIH HHS · HG 00770 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
L35531, L35532, L35533, L35534, L35535
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/MCB.15.1.19 PMC Full Text View journal details
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