Transcriptome-wide N⁶-methyladenosine profiling of rice callus and leaf reveals the presence of tissue-specific competitors involved in selective mRNA modification.

N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) is the most prevalent internal modification present in mRNAs of all higher eukaryotes. With the development of MeRIP-seq technique, in-depth identification of mRNAs with m(6)A modification becomes feasible. Here we present a transcriptome-wide m(6)A modification profiling effort for rice transcriptomes of differentiated callus and leaf, which yields 8,138 and 14,253 m(6)A-modified genes, respectively. The m(6)A peak (m(6)A-modified nucleotide position on mRNAs) distribution exhibits preference toward both translation termination and initiation sites. The m(6)A peak enrichment is negatively correlated with gene expression and weakly positively correlated with certain gene features, such as exon length and number. By comparing m(6)A-modified genes between the 2 samples, we define 1,792 and 6,508 tissue-specific m(6)A-modified genes (TSMGs) in callus and leaf, respectively. Among which, 626 and 5,509 TSMGs are actively expressed in both tissues but are selectively m(6)A-modified (SMGs) only in one of the 2 tissues. Further analyses reveal characteristics of SMGs: (1) Most SMGs are differentially expressed between callus and leaf. (2) Two conserved RNA-binding motifs, predicted to be recognized by PUM and RNP4F, are significantly over-represented in SMGs. (3) GO enrichment analysis shows that SMGs in callus mainly participate in transcription regulator/factor activity whereas SMGs in leaf are mainly involved in plastid and thylakoid. Our results suggest the presence of tissue-specific competitors involved in SMGs. These findings provide a resource for plant RNA epitranscriptomic studies and further enlarge our knowledge on the function of RNA m(6)A modification.