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PMID: 23519132 Published · epublish English Journal Article

Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer.

Frontiers in genetics ·Vol. 4 ·2013-00-00 ·Pages 36

Hessvik NP, Sandvig K, Llorente A

Abstract

miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that finely regulate gene expression in cells. Alterations in miRNA expression have been associated with development of cancer, and miRNAs are now being investigated as biomarkers for cancer as well as other diseases. Recently, miRNAs have been found outside cells in body fluids. Extracellular miRNAs exist in different forms - associated with Ago2 proteins, loaded into extracellular vesicles (exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic bodies) or into high density lipoprotein particles. These extracellular miRNAs are probably products of distinct cellular processes, and might therefore play different roles. However, their functions in vivo are currently unknown. In spite of this, they are considered as promising, non-invasive diagnostic, and prognostic tools. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the Western world, but the currently used biomarker (prostate specific antigen) has low specificity. Therefore, novel biomarkers are highly needed. In this review we will discuss possible biological functions of extracellular miRNAs, as well as the potential use of miRNAs from extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Keywords
biofluids biomarkers exosomes extracellular miRNA microvesicles prostate cancer
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Hessvik Nina Pettersen
Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital - The Norwegian Radium Hospital Oslo, Norway ; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway.
Sandvig Kirsten
Llorente Alicia
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Article Info
Journal
Frontiers in genetics
Abbr.
Front Genet
ISSN
1664-8021
DOI
10.3389/fgene.2013.00036
Published
2013-00-00
Epub
2013-00-21
Pages
36
Language
English
Region
Switzerland
NLM ID
101560621
PMCID
PMC3604630
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00036 PMC Full Text View journal details
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