Translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA in reticulocyte lysates: kinetic analysis of the formation of virion proteins and a protein required for processing.

In cell-free extracts derived from rabbit reticulocytes, encephalomyocarditis RNA can be translated completely, and the products can be processed extensively to give encephalomyocarditis virion proteins and several nonvirion proteins, including a genome-coded protein required for processing. The latter is probably a protease. Translation is very efficient. Under typical conditions, each EMC RNA is translated approximately eight times during a 3-h period. Kinetic analyses (time-course experiments, pulse-chase experiments, and pulse-stop experiments) have been used to determine the time of appearance of major products, and these times have been correlated with map positions. The gene for the putative protease is located near the middle of the genome downstream from the virion protein genes. Ribosomes can travel the length of encephalomycarditis RNA within 30 min, but there is a delay in their progress along the RNA at some point soon after they traverse the region coding for virion protein precursors. This delay results in the accumulation of precursors for a period of about 10 min before the putative protease is made and virion proteins (epsilon, alpha, and gamma) are released by proteolysis.