Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 2174792 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Messenger RNA editing and the genetic code.

Experientia ·Vol. 46 ·No. 11-12 ·1990-12-01 ·Pages 1142-8

Cattaneo R

Abstract

Messenger RNA editing is defined as a process leading to predetermined modifications of the coding region of a primary gene transcript. By this definition, splicing processes are special forms of editing; however, they are not dealt with in this review. Editing processes different from splicing have been defined in mammalian cells, in RNA viruses, and in mitochondria of trypanosomes, higher plants and vertebrates. These post- or co-transcriptional processes involve addition, deletion, or modification-substitution of nucleotides, and represent previously unrecognized mechanisms for altering the coding potential of a gene and for modulating gene expression.

MeSH Terms
Animals Apolipoproteins B/genetics Base Sequence Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics Genetic Code Humans Molecular Sequence Data Paramyxoviridae/genetics RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional RNA, Messenger/genetics,metabolism RNA, Viral/genetics
Chemicals
Apolipoproteins B RNA, Messenger RNA, Viral Electron Transport Complex IV
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Cattaneo R
Institut für Molekularbiologie I, Universität Zürich, Switzerland.
References (56)
56 references, click to expand
  1. A persistent untranslated sequence within bacteriophage T4 DNA topoisomerase gene 60.
    Science. 1988 Feb 26;239(4843):1005-12 PMID: 2830666
  2. Sequence requirements for apolipoprotein B RNA editing in transfected rat hepatoma cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Aug 15;264(23):13395-8 PMID: 2760026
  3. RNA editing in plant mitochondria.
    Nature. 1989 Oct 19;341(6243):662-6 PMID: 2552326
  4. Alternative splicing in the control of gene expression.
    Annu Rev Genet. 1989;23:527-77 PMID: 2694943
  5. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome.
    Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):457-65 PMID: 7219534
  6. Two structural genes on different chromosomes are required for encoding the major subunit of human red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
    Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):595-606 PMID: 2758468
  7. Transfer RNA modification.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:263-87 PMID: 3304135
  8. Signals for ribosomal frameshifting in the Rous sarcoma virus gag-pol region.
    Cell. 1988 Nov 4;55(3):447-58 PMID: 2846182
  9. An unwinding activity that covalently modifies its double-stranded RNA substrate.
    Cell. 1988 Dec 23;55(6):1089-98 PMID: 3203381
  10. Editing of kinetoplastid mitochondrial mRNAs by uridine addition and deletion generates conserved amino acid sequences and AUG initiation codons.
    Cell. 1988 May 6;53(3):401-11 PMID: 2452696
  11. Transcription at bacteriophage T4 variant late promoters. An application of a newly devised promoter-mapping method involving RNA chain retraction.
    J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 25;261(30):14256-65 PMID: 2429954
  12. Apolipoprotein B-48 is the product of a messenger RNA with an organ-specific in-frame stop codon.
    Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):363-6 PMID: 3659919
  13. RNA editing in plant mitochondria.
    Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1632-4 PMID: 2480644
  14. An antisense mRNA directs the covalent modification of the transcript encoding fibroblast growth factor in Xenopus oocytes.
    Cell. 1989 Nov 17;59(4):687-96 PMID: 2479482
  15. Localized attenuation and discontinuous synthesis during vesicular stomatitis virus transcription.
    Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):477-84 PMID: 6258804
  16. Modified nucleosides and bizarre 5'-termini in mouse myeloma mRNA.
    Nature. 1975 May 1;255(5503):28-33 PMID: 1128665
  17. A novel form of tissue-specific RNA processing produces apolipoprotein-B48 in intestine.
    Cell. 1987 Sep 11;50(6):831-40 PMID: 3621347
  18. Messenger RNA encoding the phosphoprotein (P) gene of human parainfluenza virus 3 is bicistronic.
    Virology. 1986 Sep;153(2):318-25 PMID: 3016995
  19. How 'hidden' reading frames are expressed.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1989 May;14(5):165-7 PMID: 2773038
  20. An in vitro system for the editing of apolipoprotein B mRNA.
    Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):519-25 PMID: 2758465
  21. Extensive editing of the cytochrome c oxidase III transcript in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Cell. 1988 May 6;53(3):413-22 PMID: 2452697
  22. A model for RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria: "guide" RNA molecules transcribed from maxicircle DNA provide the edited information.
    Cell. 1990 Jan 26;60(2):189-98 PMID: 1688737
  23. Two mRNAs that differ by two nontemplated nucleotides encode the amino coterminal proteins P and V of the paramyxovirus SV5.
    Cell. 1988 Sep 9;54(6):891-902 PMID: 3044614
  24. Mutant phenotypes support a trans-splicing mechanism for the expression of the tripartite psaA gene in the C. reinhardtii chloroplast.
    Cell. 1988 Mar 25;52(6):903-13 PMID: 3280139
  25. Apolipoprotein B48 RNA editing in chimeric apolipoprotein EB mRNA.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 15;264(26):15701-8 PMID: 2475506
  26. Genes encoding a subunit of respiratory NADH dehydrogenase (ND1) and a reverse transcriptase-like protein (RTL) are linked to ribosomal RNA gene pieces in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondrial DNA.
    EMBO J. 1988 Nov;7(11):3501-8 PMID: 2463163
  27. Slippery runs, shifty stops, backward steps, and forward hops: -2, -1, +1, +2, +5, and +6 ribosomal frameshifting.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1987;52:687-93 PMID: 3135981
  28. Sequence analysis of P gene of human parainfluenza type 2 virus: P and cysteine-rich proteins are translated by two mRNAs that differ by two nontemplated G residues.
    Virology. 1990 Jul;177(1):116-23 PMID: 2162103
  29. An in vitro system for accurate methylation of internal adenosine residues in messenger RNA.
    Science. 1988 Nov 25;242(4882):1159-62 PMID: 3187541
  30. Plastid, nuclear and reverse transcriptase sequences in the mitochondrial genome of Oenothera: is genetic information transferred between organelles via RNA?
    EMBO J. 1987 Oct;6(10):2857-63 PMID: 14650433
  31. RNA editing in transcripts of the mitochondrial genes of the insect trypanosome Crithidia fasciculata.
    EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):257-62 PMID: 1688530
  32. RNA editing in wheat mitochondria results in the conservation of protein sequences.
    Nature. 1989 Oct 19;341(6243):660-2 PMID: 2552325
  33. Detection and characterization of mumps virus V protein.
    Virology. 1990 Sep;178(1):247-53 PMID: 2389552
  34. Major transcript of the frameshifted coxII gene from trypanosome mitochondria contains four nucleotides that are not encoded in the DNA.
    Cell. 1986 Sep 12;46(6):819-26 PMID: 3019552
  35. RNA editing. Sometimes an editor makes sense.
    Nature. 1990 Feb 22;343(6260):697-9 PMID: 2304546
  36. Transcripts of the NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene are differentially edited in Oenothera mitochondria.
    EMBO J. 1990 Jan;9(1):263-9 PMID: 1688531
  37. Uncoupling of the synthesis of edited and unedited COIII RNA in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Nature. 1990 Feb 1;343(6257):482-4 PMID: 1689017
  38. Measles virus editing provides an additional cysteine-rich protein.
    Cell. 1989 Mar 10;56(5):759-64 PMID: 2924348
  39. Strain-variable editing during transcription of the P gene of mumps virus may lead to the generation of non-structural proteins NS1 (V) and NS2.
    J Gen Virol. 1990 Jul;71 ( Pt 7):1555-60 PMID: 2165137
  40. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human parainfluenza 3 virus mRNA encoding the P and C proteins.
    Virology. 1986 Nov;155(1):46-60 PMID: 3022477
  41. Scrambled ribosomal RNA gene pieces in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondrial DNA.
    Cell. 1988 Nov 4;55(3):399-411 PMID: 2846180
  42. Developmentally regulated addition of nucleotides within apocytochrome b transcripts in Trypanosoma brucei.
    Cell. 1987 May 8;49(3):337-45 PMID: 3568129
  43. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Xenopus laevis mitochondrial genome.
    J Biol Chem. 1985 Aug 15;260(17):9759-74 PMID: 4019494
  44. Two nontemplated nucleotide additions are required to generate the P mRNA of parainfluenza virus type 2 since the RNA genome encodes protein V.
    Virology. 1990 Jul;177(1):388-90 PMID: 2162111
  45. Characterization of cytochrome c oxidase III transcripts that are edited only in the 3' region.
    Cell. 1988 Oct 21;55(2):267-72 PMID: 2844415
  46. Reordering of nine exons is necessary to form a functional actin gene in Oxytricha nova.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug;86(16):6264-8 PMID: 2503830
  47. Vaccinia virus late transcripts generated in vitro have a poly(A) head.
    EMBO J. 1988 Apr;7(4):1183-90 PMID: 3402436
  48. The Leishmania kinetoplast-mitochondrion contains terminal uridylyltransferase and RNA ligase activities.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 5;264(31):18679-86 PMID: 2478548
  49. Natural variation in the genetic code.
    Annu Rev Genet. 1987;21:67-91 PMID: 3327473
  50. RNA editing and the mitochondrial cryptogenes of kinetoplastid protozoa.
    Cell. 1989 May 5;57(3):355-66 PMID: 2470509
  51. Editing of the Sendai virus P/C mRNA by G insertion occurs during mRNA synthesis via a virus-encoded activity.
    J Virol. 1990 Jan;64(1):239-46 PMID: 1688384
  52. Mutated and hypermutated genes of persistent measles viruses which caused lethal human brain diseases.
    Virology. 1989 Dec;173(2):415-25 PMID: 2596022
  53. Sequence analysis of the P and C protein genes of human parainfluenza virus type 3: patterns of amino acid sequence homology among paramyxovirus proteins.
    J Gen Virol. 1986 Dec;67 ( Pt 12):2705-19 PMID: 3025346
  54. tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria.
    Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):470-4 PMID: 7219536
  55. A double-stranded RNA unwinding activity introduces structural alterations by means of adenosine to inosine conversions in mammalian cells and Xenopus eggs.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(8):2647-51 PMID: 2704740
  56. RNA editing in the cytochrome b locus of the higher plant Oenothera berteriana includes a U-to-C transition.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):2428-31 PMID: 2325659
Article Info
Journal
Experientia
Abbr.
Experientia
ISSN
0014-4754
DOI
10.1007/BF01936924
Published
1990-12-01
Pages
1142-8
Language
English
Region
Switzerland
NLM ID
0376547
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF01936924
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2