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PMID: 20192758 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Functions and regulation of RNA editing by ADAR deaminases.

Annual review of biochemistry ·Vol. 79 ·2010-00-00 ·Pages 321-49

Nishikura K

Abstract

One type of RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines (A-->I editing) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. A-->I RNA editing is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. A-->I RNA editing of protein-coding sequences of a limited number of mammalian genes results in recoding and subsequent alterations of their functions. However, A-->I RNA editing most frequently targets repetitive RNA sequences located within introns and 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Although the biological significance of noncoding RNA editing remains largely unknown, several possibilities, including its role in the control of endogenous short interfering RNAs (esiRNAs), have been proposed. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that the biogenesis and functions of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by the editing of their precursors. Here, I review the recent findings that indicate new functions for A-->I editing in the regulation of noncoding RNAs and for interactions between RNA editing and RNA interference mechanisms.

MeSH Terms
Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism Animals Humans RNA/metabolism RNA Editing
Chemicals
RNA Adenosine Deaminase
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Nishikura Kazuko
Department of Gene Expression and Regulation, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4268, USA. kazuko@wistar.org
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Article Info
Journal
Annual review of biochemistry
Abbr.
Annu Rev Biochem
ISSN
1545-4509
DOI
10.1146/annurev-biochem-060208-105251
Email
kazuko@wistar.org
Published
2010-00-00
Pages
321-49
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
2985150R
PMCID
PMC2953425
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM040536 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM040536-19 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · RC1 HL099342 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · RC1 HL099342-01 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060208-105251 PMC Full Text View journal details
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