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PMID: 19450911 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Platelet alpha-granules: basic biology and clinical correlates.

Blood reviews ·Vol. 23 ·No. 4 ·2009-07-00 ·Pages 177-89

Blair P, Flaumenhaft R

Abstract

alpha-Granules are essential to normal platelet activity. These unusual secretory granules derive their cargo from both regulated secretory and endocytotic pathways in megakaryocytes. Rare, inheritable defects of alpha-granule formation in mice and man have enabled identification of proteins that mediate cargo trafficking and alpha-granule formation. In platelets, alpha-granules fuse with the plasma membrane upon activation, releasing their cargo and increasing platelet surface area. The mechanisms that control alpha-granule membrane fusion have begun to be elucidated at the molecular level. SNAREs and SNARE accessory proteins that control alpha-granule secretion have been identified. Proteomic studies demonstrate that hundreds of bioactive proteins are released from alpha-granules. This breadth of proteins implies a versatile functionality. While initially known primarily for their participation in thrombosis and hemostasis, the role of alpha-granules in inflammation, atherosclerosis, antimicrobial host defense, wound healing, angiogenesis, and malignancy has become increasingly appreciated as the function of platelets in the pathophysiology of these processes has been defined. This review will consider the formation, release, and physiologic roles of alpha-granules with special emphasis on work performed over the last decade.

MeSH Terms
Animals Atherosclerosis/metabolism Blood Coagulation/physiology Blood Platelets/enzymology,immunology,physiology,ultrastructure Cytokines/immunology,metabolism Humans Immunity, Innate/physiology Inflammation/metabolism Megakaryocytes/immunology,physiology Neoplasms/metabolism Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology SNARE Proteins/metabolism Secretory Vesicles/enzymology,genetics,immunology,physiology Wound Healing/physiology
Chemicals
Cytokines SNARE Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Blair Price
Department of Medicine, Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Flaumenhaft Robert
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Article Info
Journal
Blood reviews
Abbr.
Blood Rev
ISSN
1532-1681
DOI
10.1016/j.blre.2009.04.001
Published
2009-07-00
Epub
2009-00-17
Pages
177-89
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
8708558
PMCID
PMC2720568
Subset
IM
Grants
NHLBI NIH HHS · P01 HL087203 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · R01 HL063250 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · HL87203 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · T32 HL07917 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · T32 HL007917-10 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · R01 HL063250-08 · United States
NHLBI NIH HHS · T32 HL007917 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2009.04.001 PMC Full Text View journal details
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