Development and mechanism of a specific supersensitivity to nitrovasodilators after inhibition of vascular nitric oxide synthesis in vivo.

The mechanism of the increased sensitivity to nitrovasodilators after removal of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The vasoconstrictor potency of phenylephrine and the force of contraction of rat isolated aortic rings were significantly enhanced after endothelium removal or treatment with inhibitors of endothelial NO synthase. Furthermore, these procedures led to a significant decrease in the basal levels of cGMP in the vascular rings. Moreover, the potency of glyceryl trinitrate (n3Gro) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as relaxing agents and the ability of SNP to induce increases in cGMP in aortic rings were significantly enhanced in those rings denuded of endothelium or treated with the inhibitors. These procedures did not affect the vasodilator actions of isoprenaline or 8-bromo-cGMP. In the anesthetized rat, treatment with the inhibitors enhanced significantly the hypotensive responses to n3Gro without affecting those to isoprenaline. These data indicate that the removal of the basal NO-mediated vasodilator tone in the cardiovascular system leads, at the level of the soluble guanylate cyclase, to a specific supersensitivity to nitrovasodilators in vivo. The existence of such a phenomenon has important implications for understanding the local physiological control of blood flow, its pathological disturbances, and the mechanism of action of nitrovasodilators.