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PMID: 18331451 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review

Exosome function: from tumor immunology to pathogen biology.

Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) ·Vol. 9 ·No. 6 ·2008-06-00 ·Pages 871-81

Schorey JS, Bhatnagar S

Abstract

Exosomes are the newest family member of 'bioactive vesicles' that function to promote intercellular communication. Exosomes are derived from the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane and extracellular release of the intraluminal vesicles. Recent studies have focused on the biogenesis and composition of exosomes as well as regulation of exosome release. Exosomes have been shown to be released by cells of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin, yet their function remains enigmatic. Much of the prior work has focused on exosomes as a source of tumor antigens and in presentation of tumor antigens to T cells. However, new studies have shown that exosomes might also promote cell-to-cell spread of infectious agents. Moreover, exosomes isolated from cells infected with various intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii, have been shown to contain microbial components and can promote antigen presentation and macrophage activation, suggesting that exosomes may function in immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize our understanding of exosome biogenesis but focus primarily on new insights into exosome function. We also discuss their possible use as disease biomarkers and vaccine candidates.

MeSH Terms
Animals Antigen Presentation/immunology Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology Cell Membrane/metabolism Cytoplasmic Vesicles/metabolism Endosomes/immunology,microbiology,physiology Forecasting Macrophage Activation Macrophages/immunology,microbiology Models, Biological Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology Neoplasms/immunology,pathology Toxoplasma/immunology
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Schorey Jeffrey S
Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. schorey.1@nd.edu
Bhatnagar Sanchita
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Article Info
Journal
Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)
Abbr.
Traffic
ISSN
1600-0854
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00734.x
Email
schorey.1@nd.edu
Published
2008-06-00
Epub
2008-00-06
Pages
871-81
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
100939340
PMCID
PMC3636814
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · AI052439 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI052439-04 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI056979-04 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI056979-05 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI056979 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI052439-05 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI052439 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · AI056979 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI052439-03 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI056979-03 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00734.x PMC Full Text View journal details
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