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PMID: 1815390 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Molecular mechanisms of cancer.

The Western journal of medicine ·Vol. 155 ·No. 5 ·1991-11-00 ·Pages 505-14

Koeffler HP, McCormick F, Denny C

Abstract

Cancer is caused by specific DNA damage. Several common mechanisms that cause DNA damage result in specific malignant disorders: First, proto-oncogenes can be activated by translocations. For example, translocation of the c-myc proto-oncogene from chromosome 8 to one of the immunoglobulin loci on chromosomes 2, 14, or 22 results in Burkitt's lymphomas. Translocation of the c-abl proto-oncogene from chromosome 9 to the BCR gene located on chromosome 22 produces a hybrid BCR/ABL protein resulting in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Second, proto-oncogenes can be activated by point mutations. For example, point mutations of genes coding for guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins, such as H-, K-, or N-ras or G proteins, can be oncogenic as noted in a large variety of malignant neoplasms. Proteins from these mutated genes are constitutively active rather than being faithful second messengers of periodic extracellular signals. Third, mutations that inactivate a gene can result in tumors if the product of the gene normally constrains cellular proliferation. Functional loss of these "tumor suppressor genes" is found in many tumors such as colon and lung cancers. The diagnosis, classification, and treatment of cancers will be greatly enhanced by understanding their abnormalities at the molecular level.

MeSH Terms
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics Chromosome Aberrations Chromosome Disorders GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics Genes, Tumor Suppressor Humans Neoplasms/genetics Proto-Oncogene Mas
Chemicals
MAS1 protein, human Proto-Oncogene Mas GTP-Binding Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Koeffler H P
Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine 90048.
McCormick F
Denny C
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Article Info
Journal
The Western journal of medicine
Abbr.
West J Med
ISSN
0093-0415
Published
1991-11-00
Pages
505-14
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0410504
PMCID
PMC1003063
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · CA26038 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · CA33936 · United States
NCI NIH HHS · CA43277 · United States
Corrections
CommentIn
PMID: 1815412
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text
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