Abstract
Glycolaldehyde phosphate, sorbed from highly dilute, weakly alkaline solution into the interlayer of common expanding sheet structure metal hydroxide minerals, condenses extensively to racemic aldotetrose-2,4-diphosphates and aldohexose-2,4,6-triphosphates. The reaction proceeds mainly through racemic erythrose-2,4-phosphate, and terminates with a large fraction of racemic altrose-2,4,6-phosphate. In the absence of an inductive mineral phase, no detectable homogeneous reaction takes place in the concentration- and pH range used. The reactant glycolaldehyde phosphate is practically completely sorbed within an hour from solutions with concentrations as low as 50 micrometers; the half-time for conversion to hexose phosphates is of the order of two days at room temperature and pH 9.5. Total production of sugar phosphates in the mineral interlayer is largely independent of the glycolaldehyde phosphate concentration in the external solution, but is determined by the total amount of GAP offered for sorption up to the capacity of the mineral. In the presence of equimolar amounts of rac-glyceraldehyde-2-phosphate, but under otherwise similar conditions, aldopentose-2,4,-diphosphates also form, but only as a small fraction of the hexose-2,4,6-phosphates.
Keywords
NASA Discipline Exobiology
NASA Discipline Number 93-10
NASA Program NSCORT
Non-NASA Center
MeSH Terms
Acetaldehyde/analogs & derivatives,chemistry
Evolution, Chemical
Formaldehyde/chemistry
Glyceraldehyde/analogs & derivatives
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Hydroxides/chemistry
Minerals/chemistry
Solutions
Stereoisomerism
Sugar Phosphates/chemical synthesis,chemistry
Chemicals
Hydroxides
Minerals
Solutions
Sugar Phosphates
Formaldehyde
Glyceraldehyde
glycolaldehyde phosphate
Acetaldehyde
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Pitsch S
Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Zentrum, Switzerland.
Eschenmoser A
Gedulin B
Hui S
Arrhenius G
Investigators
1 investigators, click to expand
Miller S L
U CA, San Diego
References (16)
16 references, click to expand
-
A physicist's renewed look at biology: twenty years later.
Science. 1970 Jun 12;168(3937):1312-5
PMID: 5444262
-
Chemical reactions on clays.
Science. 1987 Mar 20;235(4795):1473-7
PMID: 17775009
-
Oligomerization of ribonucleotides on montmorillonite: reaction of the 5'-phosphorimidazolide of adenosine.
Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1387-9
PMID: 1529338
-
Which organic compounds could have occurred on the prebiotic earth?
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1987;52:17-27
PMID: 3454260
-
[Chemistry of alpha-aminonitriles. Aziridine-2-carbonitrile: photochemical formation from 2-aminopropenenitrile].
Helv Chim Acta. 1990;73:1373-90
PMID: 11538475
-
Prebiotic synthesis of polypeptides by heterogeneous polycondensation of amino-acid adenylates.
Nature. 1970 Nov 14;228(5272):636-9
PMID: 5474935
-
Peptide chain elongation: a possible role of montmorillonite in prebiotic synthesis of protein precursors.
Orig Life Evol Biosph. 1995 Oct;25(5):431-41
PMID: 7644185
-
Mineral catalysis of the formation of dimers of 5'-AMP in aqueous solution: the possible role of montmorillonite clays in the prebiotic synthesis of RNA.
Orig Life Evol Biosph. 1989;19(2):165-78
PMID: 2479900
-
Prebiotic ribose synthesis: a critical analysis.
Orig Life Evol Biosph. 1988;18(1-2):71-85
PMID: 2453009
-
Model for origin of monosaccharides.
Nature. 1967 Nov 4;216(5114):453-5
PMID: 6057246
-
Rotational and translational diffusion in membranes.
Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng. 1974;3(0):179-201
PMID: 4371655
-
Synthesis in sugars in potentially prebiotic conditions.
Nature. 1967 Nov 4;216(5114):455
PMID: 6057247
-
Montmorillonite catalysis of RNA oligomer formation in aqueous solution. A model for the prebiotic formation of RNA.
J Am Chem Soc. 1993;115(26):12270-5
PMID: 11540110
-
Kinetic and mechanistic analysis of dinucleotide and oligonucleotide formation from the 5'-phosphorimidazolide of adenosine on Na(+)-montmorillonite.
J Am Chem Soc. 1994;116(17):7564-72
PMID: 11539865
-
Intercalated clay catalysts.
Science. 1983 Apr 22;220(4595):365-71
PMID: 17831398
-
Mixed-valence hydroxides as bioorganic host minerals.
Orig Life Evol Biosph. 1989;19(6):573-602
PMID: 11536621