Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 10880434 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Cultivar-specific avirulence and virulence functions assigned to avrPphF in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the cause of bean halo-blight disease.

The EMBO journal ·Vol. 19 ·No. 13 ·2000-07-03 ·Pages 3204-14

Tsiamis G, Mansfield JW, Hockenhull R, Jackson RW, Sesma A, Athanassopoulos E, Bennett MA, Stevens C, Vivian A, Taylor JD, Murillo J

Abstract

The avrPphF gene was cloned from Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola (PPH:) races 5 and 7, based on its ability to confer avirulence towards bean cultivars carrying the R1 gene for halo-blight resistance, such as Red Mexican. avrPphF comprised two open reading frames, which were both required for function, and was located on a 154 kb plasmid (pAV511) in PPH: Strain RW60 of PPH:, lacking pAV511, displayed a loss in virulence to a range of previously susceptible cultivars such as Tendergreen and Canadian Wonder. In Tendergreen virulence was restored to RW60 by avrPphF alone, whereas subcloned avrPphF in the absence of pAV511 greatly accelerated the hypersensitive resistance reaction caused by RW60 in Canadian Wonder. A second gene from pAV511, avrPphC, which controls avirulence to soybean, was found to block the activity of avrPphF in Canadian Wonder, but not in Red Mexican. avrPphF also conferred virulence in soybean. The multiple functions of avrPphF illustrate how effector proteins from plant pathogens have evolved to be recognized by R gene products and, therefore, be classified as encoded by avirulence genes.

MeSH Terms
Base Sequence Cloning, Molecular DNA, Bacterial/genetics Genes, Bacterial Phenotype Plasmids Pseudomonas/genetics,pathogenicity Sequence Analysis, DNA Soybeans/microbiology Virulence/genetics
Chemicals
DNA, Bacterial
Authors & Affiliations
11 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Tsiamis G
Department of Biological Sciences, Wye College, University of London, Ashford, Kent TN25 5AH, UK.
Mansfield J W
Hockenhull R
Jackson R W
Sesma A
Athanassopoulos E
Bennett M A
Stevens C
Vivian A
Taylor J D
Murillo J
References (41)
41 references, click to expand
  1. Sequence variations in alleles of the avirulence gene avrPphE.R2 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola lead to loss of recognition of the AvrPphE protein within bean cells and a gain in cultivar-specific virulence.
    Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jul;29(1):165-77 PMID: 9701811
  2. Cloned avirulence genes from the tomato pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato confer cultivar specificity on soybean.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(1):157-61 PMID: 16578838
  3. Phenotypic expression of Pseudomonas syringae avr genes in E. coli is linked to the activities of the hrp-encoded secretion system.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1996 May;9(4):252-60 PMID: 8634477
  4. Gene-for-gene interactions between Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and Phaseolus.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1991 Nov-Dec;4(6):553-62 PMID: 1666524
  5. Rapid Avr9- and Cf-9 -dependent activation of MAP kinases in tobacco cell cultures and leaves: convergence of resistance gene, elicitor, wound, and salicylate responses.
    Plant Cell. 1999 Feb;11(2):273-87 PMID: 9927644
  6. Type III secretion machines: bacterial devices for protein delivery into host cells.
    Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1322-8 PMID: 10334981
  7. Interference between Two Specific Pathogen Recognition Events Mediated by Distinct Plant Disease Resistance Genes.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Feb;8(2):251-257 PMID: 12239384
  8. A gene from Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea with homology to avirulence gene D from P. s. pv. tomato but devoid of the avirulence phenotype.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1990 Mar-Apr;3(2):103-11 PMID: 2132025
  9. A complementation analysis of the restriction and modification of DNA in Escherichia coli.
    J Mol Biol. 1969 May 14;41(3):459-72 PMID: 4896022
  10. Genetic and structural characterization of the avirulence gene avrBs3 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Jul;218(1):127-36 PMID: 2550761
  11. Determinants of pathogenicity and avirulence in plant pathogenic bacteria.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 1998 Aug;1(4):329-35 PMID: 10066603
  12. Isolation of Arabidopsis genes that differentiate between resistance responses mediated by the RPS2 and RPM1 disease resistance genes.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Feb;8(2):241-9 PMID: 8742710
  13. Resistance gene-dependent plant defense responses.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Oct;8(10):1773-91 PMID: 8914325
  14. The avirulence gene avrBs1 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria encodes a 50-kD protein.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1988 May-Jun;1(5):191-8 PMID: 2979910
  15. A Tn3 lacZ transposon for the random generation of beta-galactosidase gene fusions: application to the analysis of gene expression in Agrobacterium.
    EMBO J. 1985 Apr;4(4):891-8 PMID: 2990912
  16. The avrRpm1 gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola is required for virulence on Arabidopsis.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 May-Jun;8(3):444-53 PMID: 7655064
  17. Characterization of avrE from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: a hrp-linked avirulence locus consisting of at least two transcriptional units.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1995 Jan-Feb;8(1):49-57 PMID: 7772803
  18. Heme biosynthesis in Rhizobium. Identification of a cloned gene coding for delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase from Rhizobium meliloti.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Aug 10;257(15):8724-30 PMID: 7096330
  19. A wide-host-range suicide vector for improving reverse genetics in gram-negative bacteria: inactivation of the blaA gene of Yersinia enterocolitica.
    Gene. 1991 Dec 20;109(1):137-41 PMID: 1756974
  20. Characterization of avrPphE, a gene for cultivar-specific avirulence from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola which is physically linked to hrpY, a new hrp gene identified in the halo-blight bacterium.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1994 Nov-Dec;7(6):726-39 PMID: 7873779
  21. Recognition of the bacterial avirulence protein AvrBs3 occurs inside the host plant cell.
    Cell. 1996 Dec 27;87(7):1307-16 PMID: 8980236
  22. Replication of an origin-containing derivative of plasmid RK2 dependent on a plasmid function provided in trans.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1648-52 PMID: 377280
  23. Identification of a pathogenicity island, which contains genes for virulence and avirulence, on a large native plasmid in the bean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 14;96(19):10875-80 PMID: 10485919
  24. Recognition of bacterial avirulence proteins occurs inside the plant cell: a general phenomenon in resistance to bacterial diseases?
    Plant J. 1997 Jul;12(1):1-7 PMID: 9263447
  25. Structural organization of virulence-associated plasmids of Yersinia pestis.
    J Bacteriol. 1998 Oct;180(19):5192-202 PMID: 9748454
  26. Characterization of pPT23B, the plasmid involved in syringolide production by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato PT23.
    Plasmid. 1994 May;31(3):275-87 PMID: 8058820
  27. Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin.
    J Lab Clin Med. 1954 Aug;44(2):301-7 PMID: 13184240
  28. Avirulence gene avrPphC from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 3121: a plasmid-borne homologue of avrC closely linked to an avrD allele.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1994 Sep-Oct;7(5):677-9 PMID: 7949327
  29. The gene-forgene concept.
    Nature. 1962 May 12;194:561-2 PMID: 14485600
  30. The enigmatic avirulence genes of phytopathogenic bacteria.
    Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1994;192:99-118 PMID: 7859515
  31. Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens of Arabidopsis and a bacterial locus determining avirulence on both Arabidopsis and soybean.
    Plant Cell. 1991 Jan;3(1):49-59 PMID: 1824334
  32. Early events in host-pathogen interactions.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 1999 Aug;2(4):312-9 PMID: 10458998
  33. Initiation of Plant Disease Resistance by Physical Interaction of AvrPto and Pto Kinase
    Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2060-3 PMID: 8953033
  34. Molecular analysis of avirulence gene avrRpt2 and identification of a putative regulatory sequence common to all known Pseudomonas syringae avirulence genes.
    J Bacteriol. 1993 Aug;175(15):4859-69 PMID: 8335641
  35. Molecular characterization of cloned avirulence genes from race 0 and race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea.
    J Bacteriol. 1987 Dec;169(12):5789-94 PMID: 2824447
  36. A sequence property approach to searching protein databases.
    J Mol Biol. 1995 Aug 18;251(3):390-9 PMID: 7650738
  37. hpaA mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria are affected in pathogenicity but retain the ability to induce host-specific hypersensitive reaction.
    Mol Microbiol. 1998 Sep;29(6):1379-90 PMID: 9781876
  38. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402 PMID: 9254694
  39. The type III (Hrp) secretion pathway of plant pathogenic bacteria: trafficking harpins, Avr proteins, and death.
    J Bacteriol. 1997 Sep;179(18):5655-62 PMID: 9294418
  40. The 102-kilobase unstable region of Yersinia pestis comprises a high-pathogenicity island linked to a pigmentation segment which undergoes internal rearrangement.
    J Bacteriol. 1998 May;180(9):2321-9 PMID: 9573181
  41. Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase superfamily by a Yersinia effector.
    Science. 1999 Sep 17;285(5435):1920-3 PMID: 10489373
Article Info
Journal
The EMBO journal
Abbr.
EMBO J
ISSN
0261-4189
DOI
10.1093/emboj/19.13.3204
Published
2000-07-03
Pages
3204-14
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
8208664
PMCID
PMC313945
Subset
IM
Corrections
ErratumIn
-
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.13.3204 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2