Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 10455009 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions in the regulation of nuclear functions.

The Biochemical journal ·Vol. 342 ( Pt 2) ·1999-09-01 ·Pages 249-68

D'Amours D, Desnoyers S, D'Silva I, Poirier GG

Abstract

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins. During this process, molecules of ADP-ribose are added successively on to acceptor proteins to form branched polymers. This modification is transient but very extensive in vivo, as polymer chains can reach more than 200 units on protein acceptors. The existence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymer was first reported nearly 40 years ago. Since then, the importance of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis has been established in many cellular processes. However, a clear and unified picture of the physiological role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation still remains to be established. The total dependence of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis on DNA strand breaks strongly suggests that this post-translational modification is involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids. This view is also supported by the identification of direct protein-protein interactions involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (113 kDa PARP), an enzyme catalysing the formation of poly(ADP-ribose), and key effectors of DNA repair, replication and transcription reactions. The presence of PARP in these multiprotein complexes, in addition to the actual poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of some components of these complexes, clearly supports an important role for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions in DNA transactions. Accordingly, inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis by any of several approaches and the analysis of PARP-deficient cells has revealed that the absence of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation strongly affects DNA metabolism, most notably DNA repair. The recent identification of new poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes with distinct (non-standard) structures in eukaryotes and archaea has revealed a novel level of complexity in the regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism.

MeSH Terms
Animals Binding Sites Catalytic Domain Cell Death/physiology Cell Nucleus/metabolism Chromatin/metabolism DNA/genetics,metabolism DNA Damage DNA Repair DNA Replication Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism Humans Models, Biological NAD/metabolism Nucleic Acids/metabolism Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/chemistry,deficiency,metabolism Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
Chromatin Nucleic Acids NAD Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose DNA Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases Glycoside Hydrolases poly ADP-ribose glycohydrolase
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
D'Amours D
Wellcome/CRC Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, Cambridge CB2 1QR, U.K.
Desnoyers S
D'Silva I
Poirier G G
References (336)
336 references, click to expand
  1. Inhibitor and NAD+ binding to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as derived from crystal structures and homology modeling.
    Biochemistry. 1998 Mar 17;37(11):3893-900 PMID: 9521710
  2. Interaction of Oct-1 and automodification domain of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase.
    FEBS Lett. 1998 Mar 6;424(1-2):27-32 PMID: 9537509
  3. Selective isolation of domains of chromatin proximal to both carcinogen-induced DNA damage and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation.
    Cancer Res. 1985 Jan;45(1):386-91 PMID: 3917373
  4. Sequential ADP-ribosylation pattern of nucleosomal histones. ADP-ribosylation of nucleosomal histones.
    Eur J Biochem. 1985 Jan 15;146(2):277-85 PMID: 2981686
  5. Accumulation of 10-kilobase DNA replication intermediates in cells treated with 3-aminobenzamide.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(1):104-8 PMID: 2982139
  6. Poly(ADP-ribose) and the response of cells to ionizing radiation.
    Radiat Res. 1985 Jan;101(1):29-46 PMID: 3918331
  7. Endogenous ADP ribosylation of high mobility group proteins 1 and 2 and histone H1 following DNA damage in intact cells.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1985 Feb 15;237(1):38-42 PMID: 3970545
  8. TFIIF, a basal eukaryotic transcription factor, is a substrate for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
    Biochem J. 1997 May 15;324 ( Pt 1):249-53 PMID: 9164864
  9. Intracellular ATP levels determine cell death fate by apoptosis or necrosis.
    Cancer Res. 1997 May 15;57(10):1835-40 PMID: 9157970
  10. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase interacts with a novel human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme: hUbc9.
    Gene. 1997 May 6;190(2):287-96 PMID: 9197546
  11. Requirement of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in recovery from DNA damage in mice and in cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jul 8;94(14):7303-7 PMID: 9207086
  12. Interaction of DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with radiation-induced DNA strand breaks.
    Radiat Res. 1997 Jul;148(1):22-8 PMID: 9216614
  13. Defective induction but normal activation and function of p53 in mouse cells lacking poly-ADP-ribose polymerase.
    Oncogene. 1997 Aug 28;15(9):1035-41 PMID: 9285557
  14. PARP is important for genomic stability but dispensable in apoptosis.
    Genes Dev. 1997 Sep 15;11(18):2347-58 PMID: 9308963
  15. ATM-dependent telomere loss in aging human diploid fibroblasts and DNA damage lead to the post-translational activation of p53 protein involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    EMBO J. 1997 Oct 1;16(19):6018-33 PMID: 9312059
  16. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene disruption renders mice resistant to cerebral ischemia.
    Nat Med. 1997 Oct;3(10):1089-95 PMID: 9334719
  17. Interaction of the transcription factor YY1 with human poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferase.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Nov 7;240(1):108-11 PMID: 9367892
  18. Genetic interaction between PARP and DNA-PK in V(D)J recombination and tumorigenesis.
    Nat Genet. 1997 Dec;17(4):479-82 PMID: 9398855
  19. Poly(ADP-ribose) catabolism in mammalian cells exposed to DNA-damaging agents.
    Mutat Res. 1989 Sep;218(2):67-74 PMID: 2770765
  20. Potentiation of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase activity in a rat hepatoma cell line by poly (ADP-ribose) synthesis inhibitors.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Aug 30;163(1):599-604 PMID: 2505771
  21. NAD metabolism and mitogen stimulation of human lymphocytes.
    Exp Cell Res. 1985 Oct;160(2):419-26 PMID: 2931297
  22. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a molecular nick-sensor.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Apr;19(4):172-6 PMID: 8016868
  23. Poly(ADP-ribose) molecules formed during DNA repair in vivo.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 1;269(26):17691-6 PMID: 8021281
  24. Mapping specific protein-protein interactions within the core component of the breast cell DNA synthesome.
    Oncol Res. 1997;9(11-12):629-39 PMID: 9563011
  25. Poly(ADP-ribose) binds to specific domains of p53 and alters its DNA binding functions.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 May 8;273(19):11839-43 PMID: 9565608
  26. The mechanism of the elongation and branching reaction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase as derived from crystal structures and mutagenesis.
    J Mol Biol. 1998 Apr 24;278(1):57-65 PMID: 9571033
  27. XRCC1 is specifically associated with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and negatively regulates its activity following DNA damage.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;18(6):3563-71 PMID: 9584196
  28. Transient poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins and role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the early stages of apoptosis.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 May 29;273(22):13703-12 PMID: 9593711
  29. DNA repair defect in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-deficient cell lines.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Jun 1;26(11):2644-9 PMID: 9592149
  30. The Croonian Lecture 1997. The phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine: its role in cell growth and disease.
    Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1998 Apr 29;353(1368):583-605 PMID: 9602534
  31. A B-cell-specific DNA recombination complex.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 3;273(27):17025-35 PMID: 9642267
  32. Regulation of the expression or recruitment of components of the DNA synthesome by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Biochemistry. 1998 Jun 30;37(26):9363-70 PMID: 9649317
  33. Role of poly(ADP-ribose)synthetase in inflammation.
    Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 May 29;350(1):1-19 PMID: 9683009
  34. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in inflammation and ischaemia-reperfusion.
    Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1998 Jul;19(7):287-98 PMID: 9703762
  35. Irreversible binding of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage product to DNA ends revealed by atomic force microscopy: possible role in apoptosis.
    Cancer Res. 1998 Aug 15;58(16):3495-8 PMID: 9721847
  36. Purification and biochemical characterization of a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-like enzyme from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus.
    Biochem J. 1998 Oct 15;335 ( Pt 2):441-7 PMID: 9761745
  37. The complexity of p53 modulation: emerging patterns from divergent signals.
    Genes Dev. 1998 Oct 1;12(19):2973-83 PMID: 9765199
  38. Higher plants possess two structurally different poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases.
    Plant J. 1998 Sep;15(5):635-45 PMID: 9778846
  39. An alternative form of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in Drosophila melanogaster and its ectopic expression in rat-1 cells.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Oct 9;251(1):35-40 PMID: 9790903
  40. Structure of an XRCC1 BRCT domain: a new protein-protein interaction module.
    EMBO J. 1998 Nov 2;17(21):6404-11 PMID: 9799248
  41. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase null mouse cells synthesize ADP-ribose polymers.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 13;273(46):30069-72 PMID: 9804757
  42. Inhibition of spleen diphosphopyridine nucleotidase by nicotinamide, an exchange reaction.
    J Biol Chem. 1953 Jan;200(1):197-212 PMID: 13034774
  43. The inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism in ascites-tumour cells by ethyleneimines.
    Biochem J. 1956 Jun;63(2):300-7 PMID: 13328826
  44. Nicotinamide mononucleotide activation of new DNA-dependent polyadenylic acid synthesizing nuclear enzyme.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1963 Apr 2;11:39-43 PMID: 14019961
  45. Poly-ADP-ribosylated histones: potent DNA suppressors.
    FEBS Lett. 1985 Oct 7;190(1):109-14 PMID: 4043388
  46. Poly ADP-ribosylation of histones in tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate treated mouse embryo fibroblasts C3H10T1/2.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Oct 30;132(2):811-9 PMID: 4062947
  47. Inhibition of calf thymus type II DNA topoisomerase by poly(ADP-ribosylation).
    EMBO J. 1985 Aug;4(8):2129-34 PMID: 2998783
  48. ADP-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins and mouse mammary tumor virus gene expression. Glucocorticoids rapidly decrease endogenous ADP-ribosylation of nonhistone high mobility group 14 and 17 proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Dec 25;258(24):15371-5 PMID: 6317693
  49. DNA repair-associated ADP-ribosylation in vivo. Modification of histone H1 differs from that of the principal acceptor proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 25;259(2):890-6 PMID: 6693402
  50. ADP-ribosyl protein lyase. Purification, properties, and identification of the product.
    J Biol Chem. 1984 Jan 25;259(2):986-95 PMID: 6693407
  51. Inhibitors of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthesis: effect on other metabolic processes.
    Science. 1984 Feb 10;223(4636):589-91 PMID: 6420886
  52. Presence of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii.
    Eur J Biochem. 1984 Feb 15;139(1):81-6 PMID: 6321175
  53. Induction of sister chromatid exchange by 3-aminobenzamide is independent of bromodeoxyuridine.
    Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1984;38(1):34-8 PMID: 6705564
  54. Poly (ADP-Ribose) synthetase. Separation and identification of three proteolytic fragments as the substrate-binding domain, the DNA-binding domain, and the automodification domain.
    J Biol Chem. 1984 Apr 25;259(8):4770-6 PMID: 6325408
  55. Effect of the DNA-binding domain of poly(ADP-ribose)synthetase on accurate transcription initiation in a HeLa cell lysate.
    FEBS Lett. 1984 Mar 26;168(2):275-7 PMID: 6327367
  56. Mechanism of the inhibition of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease of bull seminal plasma induced by ADP-ribosylation.
    J Biol Chem. 1984 May 25;259(10):6579-85 PMID: 6327687
  57. ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins in vivo. Identification of histone H2B as a major acceptor for mono- and poly(ADP-ribose) in dimethyl sulfate-treated hepatoma AH 7974 cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1984 Jun 10;259(11):6841-6 PMID: 6725273
  58. 3-Aminobenzamide does not increase repair patch size in mammalian cells.
    Can J Biochem Cell Biol. 1984 Jun;62(6):329-34 PMID: 6467076
  59. Association of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribosylated) nucleosomes with transcriptionally active and inactive regions of chromatin.
    Biochemistry. 1984 Oct 9;23(21):5016-23 PMID: 6498173
  60. Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase in Physarum polycephalum.
    Biochem J. 1975 Apr;147(1):119-29 PMID: 239697
  61. Magnitude and significance of NAD turnover in human cell line D98/AH2.
    Nature. 1976 Feb 26;259(5545):695-6 PMID: 175293
  62. Evidence for two variants of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) glycohydrolase in rat testis.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1976 Mar;173(1):306-19 PMID: 4030
  63. Poly ADP-ribosylation of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I from quail oviduct. Dependence on progesterone stimulation.
    Mol Cell Biochem. 1976 Sep 30;12(3):147-59 PMID: 185509
  64. Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase: the distribution of a chromosome-associated enzyme within the chromatin substructure.
    Biochemistry. 1977 Feb 8;16(3):506-13 PMID: 189803
  65. Increased repair replication in human lymphoid cells by inhibition of polyadenosine diphosphoribose synthesis with no increase in patch sizes.
    Cancer Res. 1985 Mar;45(3):1163-9 PMID: 3971367
  66. Poly ADP-ribosylation and DNA strand breakage in SV40 minichromosomes.
    Carcinogenesis. 1985 Feb;6(2):283-7 PMID: 2982515
  67. Poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation of RNA polymerase II from wheat germ.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Mar 15;127(2):526-32 PMID: 3919731
  68. Decrease in ADP-ribosylation of HeLa non-histone proteins from interphase to metaphase.
    Biochemistry. 1985 Jan 15;24(2):345-52 PMID: 3919760
  69. Reconstitution and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteolytically fragmented poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase.
    J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 15;261(8):3863-8 PMID: 3081511
  70. Oxidant injury of cells. DNA strand-breaks activate polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase and lead to depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
    J Clin Invest. 1986 Apr;77(4):1312-20 PMID: 2937805
  71. Identification of two activities of (ADP-ribose)n glycohydrolase in HeLa S3 cells.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Mar 28;135(3):979-86 PMID: 3964281
  72. In vitro poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of seminal ribonuclease.
    J Biol Chem. 1986 May 5;261(13):6048-55 PMID: 3700384
  73. Modulation of chromatin superstructure induced by poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis and degradation.
    J Biol Chem. 1986 May 25;261(15):7011-7 PMID: 3084493
  74. DNA strand breaks, NAD metabolism, and programmed cell death.
    Exp Cell Res. 1986 Jun;164(2):273-81 PMID: 2940104
  75. Disturbances in DNA precursor metabolism associated with exposure to an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase.
    Exp Cell Res. 1986 Jul;165(1):260-8 PMID: 3086111
  76. Effect of ionic strength on chain elongation in ADP-ribosylation of various nucleases.
    J Biochem. 1986 Mar;99(3):971-9 PMID: 3711053
  77. Hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of cells and its prevention by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4908-12 PMID: 2941760
  78. Alterations in deoxynucleoside triphosphate metabolism in DNA damaged cells: identification and consequences of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase dependent and independent processes.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Jun 30;137(3):1153-8 PMID: 3089221
  79. Structural analysis of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in higher and lower eukaryotes.
    Eur J Biochem. 1986 Aug 15;159(1):77-84 PMID: 3091369
  80. Poly(ADP-ribose) biosynthesis and suicidal NAD+ depletion following carcinogen exposure of mammalian cells.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Aug 14;138(3):1051-7 PMID: 3753486
  81. Glucocorticoid agonists as well as antagonists are effective inducers of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA in mouse mammary tumor cells treated with inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation.
    J Cell Physiol. 1986 Oct;129(1):36-42 PMID: 2428821
  82. Purification and characterization of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Different modes of action on large and small poly(ADP-ribose).
    J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 15;261(32):14902-11 PMID: 3771556
  83. A novel function of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation: silencing of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription.
    Biochemistry. 1998 Feb 10;37(6):1465-9 PMID: 9484215
  84. Telomerase and the chromosome end replication problem.
    Ciba Found Symp. 1997;211:20-8; discussion 28-34 PMID: 9524749
  85. Functional association of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex: a link between DNA strand break detection and DNA replication.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Apr 15;26(8):1891-8 PMID: 9518481
  86. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) of DNA topoisomerase I: a nuclear response to DNA-strand interruptions.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1984;49:683-90 PMID: 6099254
  87. Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha, DNA polymerase beta, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, and DNA ligase II by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction in vitro.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Apr 16;128(1):61-7 PMID: 3921027
  88. Characterization of a factor that can prevent random transcription of cloned rDNA and its probable relationship to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jan 11;13(1):89-101 PMID: 2987793
  89. Different efficiencies of interaction between 3-aminobenzamide and various monofunctional alkylating agents in the induction of sister chromatid exchanges.
    Carcinogenesis. 1985 May;6(5):699-704 PMID: 4006055
  90. Cell cycle perturbations following DNA damage in the presence of ADP-ribosylation inhibitors.
    Carcinogenesis. 1985 May;6(5):711-4 PMID: 2988807
  91. Tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induces poly(ADP)-ribosylation in fibroblasts.
    EMBO J. 1985 Jun;4(6):1491-4 PMID: 4029121
  92. NAD+ depletion and cytotoxicity in isolated hepatocytes.
    Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Oct 15;37(20):3967-74 PMID: 3142482
  93. Polypeptide domains of ADP-ribosyltransferase obtained by digestion with plasmin.
    Biochemistry. 1988 Aug 9;27(16):5990-5 PMID: 2973349
  94. Immunoelectron microscopical distribution of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in the mammalian cell nucleus.
    Exp Cell Res. 1988 Dec;179(2):517-26 PMID: 3142785
  95. An inhibitor of the in vitro elongation reaction of simian virus 40 DNA replication is overcome by proliferating-cell nuclear antigen.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(24):9469-73 PMID: 2904676
  96. ADP-ribosylation is involved in the integration of foreign DNA into the mammalian cell genome.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Dec 9;16(23):11319-26 PMID: 3144706
  97. The helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 5;264(4):1903-6 PMID: 2644244
  98. A specific, low Km ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase from rat liver.
    FEBS Lett. 1989 Feb 13;244(1):123-6 PMID: 2538346
  99. ADP-ribosylation of ADPR-transferase and topoisomerase I in intact mouse epidermal cells JB6.
    Biochemistry. 1989 Mar 7;28(5):2034-40 PMID: 2541771
  100. The effect of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation on native and H1-depleted chromatin. A role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation on core nucleosome structure.
    J Biol Chem. 1989 May 25;264(15):8878-86 PMID: 2498319
  101. Differential effects of hyperoxia and hydrogen peroxide on DNA damage, polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase activity, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate contents in cultured endothelial cells and fibroblasts.
    J Cell Physiol. 1989 Jul;140(1):177-85 PMID: 2500451
  102. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase: a novel finger protein.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 26;17(12):4689-98 PMID: 2501758
  103. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) of histones in intact human keratinocytes.
    Biochemistry. 1989 May 2;28(9):4054-60 PMID: 2473778
  104. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase auto-modification and interaction with DNA: electron microscopic visualization.
    EMBO J. 1983;2(4):543-8 PMID: 6313345
  105. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase inhibitors preserve nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine 5'-triphosphate pools in DNA-damaged cells: mechanism of stimulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis.
    Biochemistry. 1983 Oct 25;22(22):5188-94 PMID: 6317018
  106. Structure of a poly (adenosine diphosphoribose) monomer: 2'-(5"-hosphoribosyl)-5'-adenosine monophosphate.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Feb;75(2):809-13 PMID: 204934
  107. Loss of the MYC gene amplified in human HL-60 cells after treatment with inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or with dimethyl sulfoxide.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(19):7442-5 PMID: 2529540
  108. Zinc-binding domain of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase participates in the recognition of single strand breaks on DNA.
    J Mol Biol. 1989 Nov 5;210(1):229-33 PMID: 2511329
  109. Stimulation of RNA polymerase II elongation by chromosomal protein HMG-14.
    Science. 1994 Aug 5;265(5173):796-9 PMID: 8047885
  110. DNA strand break-mediated partitioning of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase function.
    Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 16;33(32):9600-5 PMID: 8068636
  111. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in plant nuclei.
    Eur J Biochem. 1994 Aug 15;224(1):135-42 PMID: 8076634
  112. Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by a proteinase with properties like ICE.
    Nature. 1994 Sep 22;371(6495):346-7 PMID: 8090205
  113. Mode of action of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Oct 18;1219(2):342-50 PMID: 7918631
  114. Inhibition of gene-specific repair of alkylation damage in cells depleted of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4620-4 PMID: 7984410
  115. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibits DNA replication by human replicative DNA polymerase alpha, delta and epsilon in vitro.
    FEBS Lett. 1994 Dec 19;356(2-3):261-6 PMID: 7805850
  116. Suppression of G1 arrest and enhancement of G2 arrest by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: possible involvement of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in cell cycle arrest following gamma-irradiation.
    Jpn J Cancer Res. 1994 Nov;85(11):1094-8 PMID: 7829393
  117. Role of glutamic acid 988 of human poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in polymer formation. Evidence for active site similarities to the ADP-ribosylating toxins.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 17;270(7):3247-54 PMID: 7852410
  118. Identification of domains of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase for protein binding and self-association.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 17;270(7):3370-7 PMID: 7852424
  119. Poly(ADP-ribose) catabolism in mammalian cells.
    Mol Cell Biochem. 1994 Sep;138(1-2):45-52 PMID: 7898474
  120. Mice lacking ADPRT and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation develop normally but are susceptible to skin disease.
    Genes Dev. 1995 Mar 1;9(5):509-20 PMID: 7698643
  121. Characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA homologue to animal poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    FEBS Lett. 1995 May 8;364(2):103-8 PMID: 7750552
  122. A macrocircular ellagitannin, oenothein B, suppresses mouse mammary tumor gene expression via inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 May 16;210(2):329-37 PMID: 7755607
  123. trans-dominant inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation sensitizes cells against gamma-irradiation and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine but does not limit DNA replication of a polyomavirus replicon.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Jun;15(6):3154-63 PMID: 7760811
  124. A dominant-negative mutant of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase affects cell recovery, apoptosis, and sister chromatid exchange following DNA damage.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 23;92(11):4753-7 PMID: 7761396
  125. Modification of nucleolar protein B23 after exposure to ionizing radiation.
    Radiat Res. 1995 Aug;143(2):158-64 PMID: 7631008
  126. Involvement of NAD-poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism in p53 regulation and its consequences.
    Cancer Res. 1995 Sep 1;55(17):3697-701 PMID: 7641178
  127. Potentiation of anti-cancer agent cytotoxicity by the potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors NU1025 and NU1064.
    Br J Cancer. 1998 Nov;78(10):1269-77 PMID: 9823965
  128. Tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at human telomeres.
    Science. 1998 Nov 20;282(5393):1484-7 PMID: 9822378
  129. Functional interactions of p53 with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) during apoptosis following DNA damage: covalent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 by exogenous PARP and noncovalent binding of p53 to the M(r) 85,000 proteolytic fragment.
    Cancer Res. 1998 Nov 15;58(22):5075-8 PMID: 9823314
  130. Regulation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of transcription factors.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 27;273(48):31644-7 PMID: 9822623
  131. Resistance-modifying agents. 5. Synthesis and biological properties of quinazolinone inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP).
    J Med Chem. 1998 Dec 17;41(26):5247-56 PMID: 9857092
  132. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase binds with transcription enhancer factor 1 to MCAT1 elements to regulate muscle-specific transcription.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Jan;19(1):296-306 PMID: 9858553
  133. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is required for p53-dependent signal transduction induced by radiation.
    Oncogene. 1998 Dec 3;17(22):2819-25 PMID: 9879988
  134. Reduced stability of regularly spliced but not alternatively spliced p53 protein in PARP-deficient mouse fibroblasts.
    Cancer Res. 1999 Jan 1;59(1):28-34 PMID: 9892179
  135. PolyADP-ribose polymerase is a coactivator for AP-2-mediated transcriptional activation.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Feb 1;27(3):866-74 PMID: 9889285
  136. Prolongation of the p53 response to DNA strand breaks in cells depleted of PARP by antisense RNA expression.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Dec 30;253(3):864-8 PMID: 9918821
  137. Stimulation of the catalytic activity of poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferase by transcription factor Yin Yang 1.
    FEBS Lett. 1999 Jan 22;443(1):20-4 PMID: 9928945
  138. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase is present and active in mammalian cells as a 110-kDa protein.
    Exp Cell Res. 1999 Feb 1;246(2):395-8 PMID: 9925755
  139. Modulation of DNA damage and DNA repair in chromatin.
    Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1999;62:227-55 PMID: 9932456
  140. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase interacts with novel Drosophila ribosomal proteins, L22 and l23a, with unique histone-like amino-terminal extensions.
    Gene. 1999 Jan 21;226(2):339-45 PMID: 9931508
  141. 4-Amino-1,8-naphthalimide: a novel inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and radiation sensitizer.
    Int J Radiat Biol. 1999 Jan;75(1):91-100 PMID: 9972795
  142. Involvement of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase in the Pax-6 gene regulation in neuroretina.
    Oncogene. 1999 Jan 28;18(4):1041-51 PMID: 10023680
  143. Compensatory expression of p73 in PARP-deficient mouse fibroblasts as response to a reduced level of regularly spliced wild-type p53 protein.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Feb 16;255(2):399-405 PMID: 10049720
  144. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene disruption conferred mice resistant to streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 2;96(5):2301-4 PMID: 10051636
  145. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-deficient mice are protected from streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):3059-64 PMID: 10077636
  146. Inhibition of nuclear receptor signalling by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Apr;19(4):2644-9 PMID: 10082530
  147. Mice lacking the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene are resistant to pancreatic beta-cell destruction and diabetes development induced by streptozocin.
    Nat Med. 1999 Mar;5(3):314-9 PMID: 10086388
  148. Relative affinities of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA-dependent protein kinase for DNA strand interruptions.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Feb 10;1430(1):119-26 PMID: 10082940
  149. Biochemical characterization of mono(ADP-ribosyl)ated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Biochemistry. 1999 Mar 30;38(13):3948-53 PMID: 10194306
  150. Poly(ADPribosyl)ation system in transcriptionally active rat testis chromatin fractions.
    J Cell Biochem. 1996 Dec 1;63(3):334-41 PMID: 8913884
  151. XRCC1 polypeptide interacts with DNA polymerase beta and possibly poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and DNA ligase III is a novel molecular 'nick-sensor' in vitro.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Nov 15;24(22):4387-94 PMID: 8948628
  152. Reconstitution of DNA base excision-repair with purified human proteins: interaction between DNA polymerase beta and the XRCC1 protein.
    EMBO J. 1996 Dec 2;15(23):6662-70 PMID: 8978692
  153. A superfamily of conserved domains in DNA damage-responsive cell cycle checkpoint proteins.
    FASEB J. 1997 Jan;11(1):68-76 PMID: 9034168
  154. Characterization of anti-peptide antibodies directed towards the automodification domain and apoptotic fragment of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Feb 11;1334(1):65-72 PMID: 9042367
  155. Photoaffinity labelling of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalytic domain.
    Biochem J. 1997 Mar 1;322 ( Pt 2):469-75 PMID: 9065765
  156. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enhances activator-dependent transcription in vitro.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 18;94(6):2261-5 PMID: 9122182
  157. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration: a switch in the decision between apoptosis and necrosis.
    J Exp Med. 1997 Apr 21;185(8):1481-6 PMID: 9126928
  158. Isolation and characterization of the cDNA encoding bovine poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 May 2;272(18):11895-901 PMID: 9115250
  159. Apoptosis in the absence of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Apr 17;233(2):518-22 PMID: 9144569
  160. Studies on the polymer of adenosine diphosphate ribose. II. Characterization of the polymer.
    J Biol Chem. 1967 Jul 10;242(13):3172-9 PMID: 4291073
  161. Polymerization of the adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose moiety of NAD by rat liver nuclear enzyme.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Apr 18;138(2):438-41 PMID: 4292779
  162. A functional role of polyADPR in DNA synthesis.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1970 Sep 10;40(5):1013-20 PMID: 4323263
  163. Splitting of the ribose-ribose linkage of poly(adenosine diphosphate-robose) by a calf thymus extract.
    J Biol Chem. 1971 Oct 25;246(20):6362-4 PMID: 4331388
  164. Poly ADP-ribose glycohydrolase from rat liver nuclei, a novel enzyme degrading the polymer.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Jan 31;46(2):516-23 PMID: 4333419
  165. Stimulation of DNA synthesis by adenosine diphosphoribosylation of HeLa nuclear proteins during the cell cycle.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 May 1;52(1):43-50 PMID: 4576270
  166. Purification and properties of glycohydrolase from calf thymus splitting ribose-ribose linkages of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose).
    J Biol Chem. 1974 Jun 10;249(11):3475-82 PMID: 4831224
  167. Stimulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity by the anti-tumour antibiotic, streptozotocin.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 Jul 22;65(2):722-30 PMID: 167782
  168. Endoglycosidic cleavage of branched polymers by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.
    Eur J Biochem. 1994 Mar 1;220(2):369-75 PMID: 8125093
  169. Cloning and functional expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cDNA from Sarcophaga peregrina.
    Eur J Biochem. 1994 Mar 1;220(2):607-14 PMID: 8125121
  170. Nitric oxide toxicity in islet cells involves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and concomitant NAD+ depletion.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Mar 30;199(3):1270-7 PMID: 8147870
  171. Increased sensitivity to DNA-alkylating agents in CHO mutants with decreased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.
    Mutat Res. 1994 May;314(3):249-60 PMID: 7513057
  172. Dual function for poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in response to DNA strand breakage.
    Biochemistry. 1994 Jun 14;33(23):7099-106 PMID: 8003475
  173. Separation of oligo(adenosine diphosphate ribose) fractions with various chain lengths and terminal structures.
    Biochemistry. 1977 Apr 5;16(7):1485-89 PMID: 191071
  174. Adenosine diphosphoribosylation of certain basic chromosomal proteins in isolated trout testis nuclei.
    Eur J Biochem. 1977 Jul 1;77(1):11-21 PMID: 198208
  175. Purification and properties of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) synthetase.
    J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 25;252(20):7000-5 PMID: 198398
  176. Novel enzyme from rat liver that cleaves an ADP-ribosyl histone linkage.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 May;75(5):2254-7 PMID: 276865
  177. Induction of specific antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose) in rabbits by double-stranded RNA, poly(A)-poly(U).
    Nature. 1978 Aug 24;274(5673):809-12 PMID: 683319
  178. Demonstration of high molecular weight poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose).
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Sep;5(9):3183-94 PMID: 704350
  179. ADP-ribosylation of nuclear protein A24.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Oct 16;84(3):755-62 PMID: 718716
  180. The effect of gamma radiation and neocarzinostatin on NAD and ATP levels in mouse leukaemia cells.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Nov 1;543(4):576-82 PMID: 214144
  181. Structure of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose): identification of 2'-[1''-ribosyl-2''-(or 3''-)(1'''-ribosyl)]adenosine-5',5'',5'''-tris(phosphate) as a branch linkage.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Feb;76(2):595-9 PMID: 218210
  182. ADP ribosylation of rat liver nucleosomal core histones.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Apr 25;254(8):3029-37 PMID: 218926
  183. ADP ribosylation of rat liver lysine-rich histone in vitro.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Apr 25;254(8):3018-28 PMID: 218960
  184. Purification and characterization of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase from calf thymus.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 May 10;254(9):3647-51 PMID: 218977
  185. Pyridine nucleotide synthesis in 3T3 cells.
    J Cell Physiol. 1979 Jun;99(3):417-25 PMID: 37252
  186. The involvement of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the degradation of NAD caused by gamma-radiation and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
    Eur J Biochem. 1979 Nov 1;101(1):135-42 PMID: 228934
  187. Poly(ADP-ribose) levels in carcinogen-treated cells.
    Nature. 1979 Dec 13;282(5740):740-1 PMID: 229416
  188. (ADP-ribose)n participates in DNA excision repair.
    Nature. 1980 Feb 7;283(5747):593-6 PMID: 6243744
  189. Effect of carcinogenic N-alkyl-N-nitroso compounds on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism.
    Cancer Res. 1980 Jun;40(6):1797-802 PMID: 6245804
  190. Reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels by ultimate carcinogens in human lymphocytes.
    Cancer Res. 1980 Jun;40(6):1803-7 PMID: 7371011
  191. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of DNA polymerase beta in vitro.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Oct 30;140(2):666-73 PMID: 3778475
  192. The production of antibodies to DNA in normal mice following immunization with poly(ADP-ribose).
    Clin Exp Immunol. 1986 Jun;64(3):563-9 PMID: 3791691
  193. Cloning and expression of cDNA for human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1224-8 PMID: 3029772
  194. Poly(ADP-ribose) may signal changing metabolic conditions to the chromatin of mammalian cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1286-9 PMID: 3103132
  195. Release of core DNA from nucleosomal core particles following (ADP-ribose)n-modification in vitro.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Mar 30;143(3):1049-54 PMID: 3566754
  196. Enhancement of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced DNA amplification in a Simian virus 40-transformed Chinese hamster cell line by 3-aminobenzamide.
    Cancer Res. 1987 Jul 15;47(14):3632-6 PMID: 3036344
  197. Characterization of polymers of adenosine diphosphate ribose generated in vitro and in vivo.
    Biochemistry. 1987 Jun 2;26(11):3218-24 PMID: 3038179
  198. Human autoantibodies to poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase.
    J Clin Invest. 1987 Sep;80(3):900-4 PMID: 2442198
  199. Strategy for selection of cell variants deficient in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Exp Cell Res. 1987 Oct;172(2):245-57 PMID: 3115798
  200. Reaction mechanism for automodification of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Sep 30;147(3):1008-12 PMID: 3117055
  201. Primary structure of human poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase as deduced from cDNA sequence.
    J Biol Chem. 1987 Nov 25;262(33):15990-7 PMID: 2824474
  202. cDNA sequence, protein structure, and chromosomal location of the human gene for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(23):8370-4 PMID: 2891139
  203. Nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for human fibroblast poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Oct 29;148(2):617-22 PMID: 3120710
  204. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase forms loops with DNA.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Nov 13;148(3):913-9 PMID: 3120719
  205. Molecular interactions between DNA, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and histones.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 Jan 25;263(3):1505-12 PMID: 2826482
  206. ADP-ribosyltransferase from Helix pomatia. Purification and characterization.
    Biochem J. 1987 Dec 15;248(3):859-64 PMID: 3124818
  207. Characterization of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with autoantibodies.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 15;263(8):3879-83 PMID: 3126180
  208. Immunoquantitation and size determination of intrinsic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase from acid precipitates. An analysis of the in vivo status in mammalian species and in lower eukaryotes.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 May 25;263(15):6993-9 PMID: 3130376
  209. Effects of 3-aminobenzamide on the rejoining of DNA-strand breaks in mammalian cells exposed to methyl methanesulphonate; role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Mutat Res. 1988 Jul;194(1):17-22 PMID: 3133560
  210. Mechanism of alteration of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) metabolism by hyperthermia.
    Cancer Res. 1988 Aug 1;48(15):4233-9 PMID: 3390818
  211. Poly(ADP-ribose) degradation by glycohydrolase starts with an endonucleolytic incision.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 15;263(23):11037-40 PMID: 3136151
  212. Modulation of chromatin structure by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation.
    Biochem Cell Biol. 1988 Jun;66(6):626-35 PMID: 3139015
  213. 3'-Deoxy-NAD+ as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and the reaction mechanism of poly(ADP-ribose) elongation.
    J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 25;263(33):17690-6 PMID: 3141424
  214. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) in vitro. Reaction parameters and enzyme mechanism.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Jul 10;257(13):7808-13 PMID: 6282854
  215. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of polynucleosomes causes relaxation of chromatin structure.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jun;79(11):3423-7 PMID: 6808510
  216. 3-Aminobenzamide synergistically increases sister-chromatid exchanges in cells exposed to methyl methanesulfonate but not to ultraviolet light.
    Mutat Res. 1982 Jul;104(6):361-6 PMID: 6287250
  217. ADP-ribosylation of nuclear proteins in mouse testis.
    Biochem J. 1982 Jul 1;205(1):245-8 PMID: 7126181
  218. DNA fragmentation and NAD depletion. Their relation to the turnover of endogenous mono(ADP-ribosyl) and poly(ADP-ribosyl) proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Nov 10;257(21):12872-7 PMID: 6813330
  219. ADP-ribosylation reactions.
    Curr Top Cell Regul. 1982;21:175-87 PMID: 6291854
  220. Purification and characterization of human lymphoid poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase.
    Biochemistry. 1982 Oct 26;21(22):5475-81 PMID: 6293541
  221. Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation of chicken-erythrocyte histones H1, H5 and high-mobility-group proteins by purified calf-thymus poly(adenosinediphosphate-ribose) polymerase.
    Eur J Biochem. 1982 Oct;127(3):437-42 PMID: 6293814
  222. A shuttle mechanism for DNA-protein interactions. The regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    Eur J Biochem. 1982 Oct;127(3):579-85 PMID: 6293817
  223. Spectral analysis of the conformation of polyadenosine diphosphoribose. Evidence indicating secondary structure.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Jan 25;258(2):725-30 PMID: 6822507
  224. NAD turnover during early development of Xenopus laevis.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Apr 5;762(2):272-80 PMID: 6681987
  225. Stimulation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation during Ehrlich ascites tumor cell "starvation" and suppression of concomitant DNA fragmentation by benzamide.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Apr 10;258(7):4098-104 PMID: 6833244
  226. Size and shape of poly(ADP-ribose): examination by gel filtration, gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Apr 15;112(1):102-7 PMID: 6838598
  227. Poly-ADP-ribosylation is not required for excision of a DNA damage.
    Naturwissenschaften. 1983 Feb;70(2):93-4 PMID: 6843682
  228. Effect of 3-aminobenzamide on the rate of ligation during repair of alkylated DNA in human fibroblasts.
    Cancer Res. 1983 Jul;43(7):3104-7 PMID: 6303576
  229. Probable helical conformation of poly(ADP-ribose). The effect of cations on spectral properties.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 May 10;258(9):5726-30 PMID: 6853542
  230. Purification and analysis of a factor which suppresses nick-induced transcription by RNA polymerase II and its identity with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 May 10;258(9):5955-9 PMID: 6304101
  231. Differences in the regulation by poly(ADP-ribose) of repair of DNA damage from alkylating agents and ultraviolet light according to cell type.
    J Biol Chem. 1983 Aug 10;258(15):9059-68 PMID: 6874677
  232. The interaction of adenosine diphosphoribosyl transferase (ADPRT) with a cruciform DNA.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Mar 16;167(2):842-7 PMID: 2108672
  233. Zinc fingers and other metal-binding domains. Elements for interactions between macromolecules.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Apr 25;265(12):6513-6 PMID: 2108957
  234. The second zinc-finger domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase determines specificity for single-stranded breaks in DNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(8):2990-4 PMID: 2109322
  235. Modulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) metabolism by calicheamicin gamma 1 in human HL-60 cells.
    Cancer Lett. 1990 Apr 20;50(2):141-7 PMID: 2109651
  236. Evidence for an inhibitory effect exerted by yeast NMN adenylyltransferase on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.
    Biochemistry. 1990 Mar 13;29(10):2501-6 PMID: 2159322
  237. Site-specific DNA repair at the nucleosome level in a yeast minichromosome.
    Cell. 1990 May 18;61(4):675-84 PMID: 2188732
  238. Reconstitution of an in vitro poly(ADP-ribose) turnover system.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1990 May 24;1049(1):45-58 PMID: 2113406
  239. DNA recognition by proteins with the helix-turn-helix motif.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1990;59:933-69 PMID: 2197994
  240. Isolation of Chinese hamster ovary cells with reduced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity.
    Mutat Res. 1990 Aug;231(2):265-74 PMID: 2117253
  241. Potentiation of carcinogen-induced methotrexate resistance and dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification by inhibitors of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase.
    Cancer Res. 1990 Sep 15;50(18):5756-60 PMID: 2118419
  242. Macromolecular association of ADP-ribosyltransferase and its correlation with enzymic activity.
    Biochem J. 1990 Aug 15;270(1):17-26 PMID: 2144419
  243. Cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding bovine thymus poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase: evolutionarily conserved segments and their potential functions.
    Gene. 1990 Jun 15;90(2):249-54 PMID: 2119324
  244. Camptothecin hypersensitivity in poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-deficient cell lines.
    Cancer Commun. 1989;1(6):389-94 PMID: 2562007
  245. High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 function as general class II transcription factors.
    Biochemistry. 1990 Jul 3;29(26):6295-302 PMID: 2119799
  246. Evidence for the participation of histidine residues located in the 56 kDa C-terminal polypeptide domain of ADP-ribosyl transferase in its catalytic activity.
    FEBS Lett. 1990 Oct 29;273(1-2):6-10 PMID: 2121544
  247. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by overexpressing the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase DNA-binding domain in mammalian cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 5;265(31):18721-4 PMID: 2121728
  248. Expression and site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic domain of human poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in Escherichia coli. Lysine 893 is critical for activity.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 5;265(31):19249-56 PMID: 2121735
  249. Illegitimate and homologous recombination in mammalian cells: differential sensitivity to an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribosylation).
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Oct 25;18(20):5981-8 PMID: 2172923
  250. The zinc fingers of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase are differentially required for the recognition of DNA breaks and nicks and the consequent enzyme activation. Other structures recognize intact DNA.
    J Biol Chem. 1990 Dec 15;265(35):21907-13 PMID: 2123876
  251. Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose)transferase potentiates the recombinogenic but not the mutagenic action of alkylating agents in somatic cells in vivo in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Mutagenesis. 1990 Sep;5(5):511-4 PMID: 2124646
  252. Association of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with the nuclear matrix: the role of intermolecular disulfide bond formation, RNA retention, and cell type.
    Exp Cell Res. 1991 Feb;192(2):524-35 PMID: 1703086
  253. Influence of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase on the enzymatic synthesis of SV40 DNA.
    J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 15;266(5):3087-100 PMID: 1671570
  254. Cellular regulation of ADP-ribosylation of proteins. IV. Conversion of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity to NAD-glycohydrolase during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of HL60 cells.
    Exp Cell Res. 1991 May;194(1):1-8 PMID: 1849825
  255. Post-translational modification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase induced by DNA strand breaks.
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 Oct;20(10):405-11 PMID: 8533153
  256. Equilibrium model in an in vitro poly(ADP-ribose) turnover system.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 Nov 7;1264(2):201-8 PMID: 7495864
  257. Different basal NAD levels determine opposite effects of poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerase inhibitors on H2O2-induced apoptosis.
    Exp Cell Res. 1995 Dec;221(2):462-9 PMID: 7493646
  258. Peroxynitrite-mediated DNA strand breakage activates poly-adenosine diphosphate ribosyl synthetase and causes cellular energy depletion in macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
    J Immunol. 1996 Jan 1;156(1):350-8 PMID: 8598485
  259. Reversion in Chinese hamster lines amplified at the AMPD2 locus: spontaneous and benzamide-stimulated gradual loss of amplified alleles of marker genes.
    Mutat Res. 1996 Jan 17;349(1):63-75 PMID: 8569793
  260. Glycation and glycoxidation of histones by ADP-ribose.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 May 3;271(18):10461-9 PMID: 8631841
  261. Specific ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase from Artemia cysts and rat liver: effects of nitroprusside, fluoride and ionic strength.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 May 21;1290(1):121-7 PMID: 8645701
  262. Extrachromosomal recombination occurs efficiently in cells defective in various DNA repair systems.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Jun 1;24(11):2053-8 PMID: 8668535
  263. Complete inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity prevents the recovery of C3H10T1/2 cells from oxidative stress.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jun 5;1312(1):1-7 PMID: 8679711
  264. ADP-ribosylation of wild-type p53 in vitro: binding of p53 protein to specific p53 consensus sequence prevents its modification.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Jul 5;224(1):96-102 PMID: 8694840
  265. Catalytic activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is necessary for repair of N-methylpurines in nontranscribed, but not in transcribed, nuclear DNA sequences.
    Mutat Res. 1996 Jun 12;363(2):105-14 PMID: 8676924
  266. Decreased heterogeneity of CS histone variants after hydrolysis of the ADP-ribose moiety.
    J Cell Biochem. 1996 Apr;61(1):109-17 PMID: 8726360
  267. Sequential activation of three distinct ICE-like activities in Fas-ligated Jurkat cells.
    FEBS Lett. 1996 Jul 29;390(3):299-303 PMID: 8706881
  268. DNA strand breakage, activation of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase, and cellular energy depletion are involved in the cytotoxicity of macrophages and smooth muscle cells exposed to peroxynitrite.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Mar 5;93(5):1753-8 PMID: 8700830
  269. Selective cleavage of nuclear autoantigens during CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-mediated T cell apoptosis.
    J Exp Med. 1996 Aug 1;184(2):765-70 PMID: 8760832
  270. Structure of the catalytic fragment of poly(AD-ribose) polymerase from chicken.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 23;93(15):7481-5 PMID: 8755499
  271. Depletion of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by antisense RNA expression: influence on genomic stability, chromatin organization, DNA repair, and DNA replication.
    Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol. 1996;55:135-56 PMID: 8787609
  272. Enrichment for gene targeting in mammalian cells by inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosylation).
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Sep 11;1308(3):241-50 PMID: 8809116
  273. ADP-ribosylation of p53 tumor suppressor protein: mutant but not wild-type p53 is modified.
    J Cell Biochem. 1996 Jul;62(1):90-101 PMID: 8836878
  274. Nuclear architecture and ultrastructural distribution of poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, a multifunctional enzyme.
    J Cell Sci. 1996 Feb;109 ( Pt 2):409-18 PMID: 8838664
  275. Association of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase with nuclear subfractions catalyzed with sodium tetrathionate and hydrogene peroxide crosslinks.
    Mol Cell Biochem. 1996 Jun 21;159(2):155-61 PMID: 8858566
  276. Three conserved consensus sequences identify the NAD-binding site of ADP-ribosylating enzymes, expressed by eukaryotes, bacteria and T-even bacteriophages.
    Mol Microbiol. 1996 Aug;21(4):667-74 PMID: 8878030
  277. Granzyme B/perforin-mediated apoptosis of Jurkat cells results in cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to the 89-kDa apoptotic fragment and less abundant 64-kDa fragment.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Oct 23;227(3):658-65 PMID: 8885990
  278. Overproduction of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase DNA-binding domain blocks alkylation-induced DNA repair synthesis in mammalian cells.
    EMBO J. 1993 May;12(5):2109-17 PMID: 8491199
  279. Purification and characterization of NAD+:ADP-ribosyltransferase (polymerizing) from Dictyostelium discoideum.
    Biochem J. 1993 Jul 1;293 ( Pt 1):275-81 PMID: 8328967
  280. Specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: an early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.
    Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 1;53(17):3976-85 PMID: 8358726
  281. ADP-ribosylation of nucleolar proteins in HeLa tumor cells.
    J Cell Biochem. 1993 Jun;52(2):153-8 PMID: 8366133
  282. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase can bind melphalan damaged DNA.
    Cancer Res. 1993 Nov 15;53(22):5370-3 PMID: 8221673
  283. Histone shuttle driven by the automodification cycle of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase.
    Environ Mol Mutagen. 1993;22(4):278-82 PMID: 8223511
  284. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a catalytic dimer and the automodification reaction is intermolecular.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Oct 25;268(30):22575-80 PMID: 8226768
  285. NAD depletion after in vitro exposure of murine lung slices to bleomycin.
    Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Nov 17;46(10):1819-24 PMID: 7504488
  286. Binding of adenosine diphosphoribosyltransferase to the termini and internal regions of linear DNAs.
    Biochemistry. 1989 Jun 27;28(13):5670-80 PMID: 2505840
  287. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase increase antibody class switching.
    J Immunol. 1993 Dec 15;151(12):6962-76 PMID: 8258703
  288. Conformational analysis of a 139 base-pair DNA fragment containing a single-stranded break and its interaction with human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    J Mol Biol. 1994 Jan 21;235(3):1062-71 PMID: 8289308
  289. Non-covalent interaction between poly(ADP-ribose) and cellular proteins: an application of a poly(ADP-ribose)-western blotting method to detect poly(ADP-ribose) binding on protein-blotted filter.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jan 14;198(1):45-51 PMID: 7507322
  290. Nitric oxide activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in neurotoxicity.
    Science. 1994 Feb 4;263(5147):687-9 PMID: 8080500
  291. Bovine thymus poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase. Physical properties and binding to DNA.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Jul 10;255(13):6205-11 PMID: 6248513
  292. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in vitro programmed by damaged DNA. A comparison of DNA molecules containing different types of strand breaks.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Nov 10;255(21):10502-8 PMID: 6253477
  293. Multiple factors required for accurate initiation of transcription by purified RNA polymerase II.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11992-6 PMID: 7440580
  294. ADP-ribosylation of rye histones.
    Can J Biochem. 1980 Sep;58(9):692-5 PMID: 6780169
  295. Physiology aspects of pyridine nucleotide regulation in mammals.
    Mol Cell Biochem. 1980 Dec 16;33(3):135-43 PMID: 6450878
  296. The branching and linear portions of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) have the same alpha(1 leads to 2) ribose-ribose linkage.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Mar 25;256(6):2916-21 PMID: 6782097
  297. Inhibitors of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase induce sister chromatid exchanges.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Dec 31;97(4):1311-6 PMID: 6260088
  298. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, a main acceptor of poly(ADP-ribose) in isolated nuclei.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 May 10;256(9):4135-7 PMID: 6260786
  299. Modification of SV40 T antigen by poly ADP-ribosylation.
    Cell. 1981 May;24(2):567-72 PMID: 7237559
  300. ADP-ribosylation of diadenosine 5',5"-P1,P4-tetraphosphate by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in vitro.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Jul 10;256(13):6756-61 PMID: 6263923
  301. Immunofluorescent staining of poly(ADP-ribose) in situ in HeLa cell chromosomes in the M phase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2801-4 PMID: 6265913
  302. ADP-ribosylation of trout testis chromosomal proteins: distribution of ADP-ribosylated proteins among DNase I-sensitive and -resistant chromatin domains.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1981 May;208(2):528-34 PMID: 6266350
  303. The pyridine nucleotide cycle. Studies in Escherichia coli and the human cell line D98/AH2.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Aug 25;256(16):8491-7 PMID: 7021549
  304. Multiple autopoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of rat liver poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase. Mode of modification and properties of automodified synthetase.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Sep 25;256(18):9483-9 PMID: 6270088
  305. Effects of 5-methylnicotinamide on mouse L1210 cells exposed to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea: mutation induction, formation and removal of methylation products in DNA, and unscheduled DNA synthesis.
    Carcinogenesis. 1981;2(10):1013-7 PMID: 6457699
  306. Inhibition of (ADP-ribose)n biosynthesis retards DNA repair but does not inhibit DNA repair synthesis.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981 Aug 31;101(4):1433-41 PMID: 6272786
  307. Purification and properties of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase from lamb thymus.
    Biochemistry. 1981 Dec 8;20(25):7075-81 PMID: 6274386
  308. The effect of inhibition of (ADP-ribose)n biosynthesis on DNA repair assayed by the nucleoid technique.
    Eur J Biochem. 1981 Dec;121(1):65-9 PMID: 7327171
  309. ADP-ribosylation of proteins associated with heterogeneous nuclear RNA in rat liver nuclei.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982 Feb 26;696(2):139-44 PMID: 6174154
  310. Participation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the depression of RNA synthesis caused by treatment of mouse lymphoma cells with methylnitrosourea.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Apr 25;257(8):4027-30 PMID: 6175637
  311. Inhibitors of poly-(adenosine diphosphoribose) synthesis slow the resealing rate of x-ray-induced DNA strand breaks.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 Feb 11;104(3):897-902 PMID: 6462145
  312. Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase. The DNA binding domain and the automodification domain.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Jun 10;257(11):6102-5 PMID: 6281257
  313. Presence of branched portion in poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) in vivo.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Jun 10;257(11):6217-23 PMID: 7042708
  314. Enzymological properties of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase: characterization of automodification sites and NADase activity.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jun 24;1078(2):179-86 PMID: 1648406
  315. DNA repair and the role of chromatin structure.
    Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1991 Jun;3(3):422-8 PMID: 1892653
  316. Stimulation of intrachromosomal homologous recombination in mammalian cells by an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribosylation).
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Nov 11;19(21):5943-7 PMID: 1945881
  317. Loss of amplified genes by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.
    Environ Health Perspect. 1991 Jun;93:169-74 PMID: 1773788
  318. Noncovalent interactions of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) with histones.
    Biochemistry. 1992 Feb 11;31(5):1379-85 PMID: 1736995
  319. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) formation in DNA repair.
    Nature. 1992 Mar 26;356(6367):356-8 PMID: 1549180
  320. Poly(ADP ribose) polymerase-defective mutant cell clone of mouse L1210 cells.
    Exp Cell Res. 1992 May;200(1):126-34 PMID: 1563480
  321. Mechanism of c-fos induction by active oxygen.
    Cancer Res. 1992 Jul 15;52(14):3952-60 PMID: 1617671
  322. Depletion of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by antisense RNA expression results in a delay in DNA strand break rejoining.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 25;267(18):12804-12 PMID: 1618781
  323. Rearrangements of the nucleosome structure in chromatin by poly(ADP-ribose).
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Jun 24;1121(3):317-24 PMID: 1627609
  324. Mouse mammary tumor virus gene expression is suppressed by oligomeric ellagitannins, novel inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 15;267(20):14436-42 PMID: 1321148
  325. Structure of the leucine zipper.
    Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1992 Apr;2(2):205-10 PMID: 1638114
  326. Histone shuttling by poly(ADP-ribosylation).
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 15;267(26):18858-65 PMID: 1326536
  327. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of chromatin in an in-vitro poly(ADP-ribose)-turnover system.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Oct 27;1137(2):171-81 PMID: 1420323
  328. Poly ADP-ribosylation: a histone shuttle mechanism in DNA excision repair.
    J Cell Sci. 1992 Aug;102 ( Pt 4):663-70 PMID: 1429884
  329. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase stimulates DNA polymerase alpha by physical association.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 5;268(1):93-9 PMID: 8416979
  330. Preferential degradation of protein-bound (ADP-ribose)n by nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase from human placenta.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 15;268(5):3194-200 PMID: 8428996
  331. Protein glycation by ADP-ribose: studies of model conjugates.
    Biochemistry. 1993 Feb 16;32(6):1528-34 PMID: 8431431
  332. NAD(+)-dependent repair of damaged DNA by human cell extracts.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 15;268(8):5480-7 PMID: 7680646
  333. Identification of potential active-site residues in the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Apr 25;268(12):8529-35 PMID: 8473297
  334. Cloning of cDNA encoding Drosophila poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: leucine zipper in the auto-modification domain.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3481-5 PMID: 8475096
  335. Expression in Escherichia coli of the 36 kDa domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and investigation of its DNA binding properties.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Apr 21;1163(1):49-53 PMID: 8476928
  336. ADP-ribosylation of nonhistone proteins in HeLa cells: modification of DNA topoisomerase II.
    Exp Cell Res. 1993 May;206(1):177-81 PMID: 8387022
Article Info
Journal
The Biochemical journal
Abbr.
Biochem J
ISSN
0264-6021
Published
1999-09-01
Pages
249-68
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
2984726R
PMCID
PMC1220459
Subset
IM
Grants
Wellcome Trust · United Kingdom
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2