Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 956398 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Composition of weight lost during short-term weight reduction. Metabolic responses of obese subjects to starvation and low-calorie ketogenic and nonketogenic diets.

The Journal of clinical investigation ·Vol. 58 ·No. 3 ·1976-09-00 ·Pages 722-30

Yang MU, Van Itallie TB

Abstract

The effects of starvation, an 800-kcal mixed diet and an 800-kcal ketogenic (low carbohydrate-high fat) diet on the composition of weight lost were determined in each of six obese subjects during three 10-day periods. The energy-nitrogen balance method was used to quantify the three measurable components of weight loss; protein, fat, and water. On the 800-kcal ketogenic diet, subjects lost (mean +/- SE) 466.6 +/-51.3 g/day; on the isocaloric mixed diet, which provided carbohydrate and fat in conventional proportions, they lost 277.9+/- 32.1 g/day. Composition of weight lost (percentage) during the ketogenic diet was water 61.2, fat 35.0, protein 3.8. During the mixed diet, composition of loss was water 37.1, fat 59.5, protein 3.4...

MeSH Terms
Adult Basal Metabolism Body Composition Body Water/metabolism Body Weight Creatinine/urine Diet, Reducing Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism Dietary Fats/metabolism Dietary Proteins/metabolism Energy Metabolism Humans Ketone Bodies/biosynthesis Ketones/urine Male Middle Aged Nitrogen/metabolism Obesity/metabolism Physical Exertion Starvation/metabolism Time Factors
Chemicals
Dietary Carbohydrates Dietary Fats Dietary Proteins Ketone Bodies Ketones Creatinine Nitrogen
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Yang M U
Van Itallie T B
References (31)
31 references, click to expand
  1. Fatty foods and obesity.
    Lancet. 1960 May 14;1(7133):1048-51 PMID: 14428636
  2. Measurement of change in total body fat.
    J Clin Invest. 1959 Sep;38:1475-8 PMID: 14413074
  3. SIMILARITIES OF CARBOHYDRATE DEFICIENCY AND FASTING. I. WEIGHT LOSS, ELECTROLYTE EXCRETION, AND FATIGUE.
    Arch Intern Med. 1963 Sep;112:333-7 PMID: 14045276
  4. ENERGY BALANCE OF OBESE PATIENTS DURING WEIGHT REDUCTION: INFLUENCE OF DIET RESTRICTION AND EXERCISE.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1963 Sep 26;110:918-40 PMID: 14061694
  5. Nitrogen determination by a continuous digestion and analysis system.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1960 Jul 22;87:792-800 PMID: 13699041
  6. The chemical composition of the tissue lost by obese patients on a reducing regimen.
    Br J Nutr. 1958;12(1):113-22 PMID: 13523109
  7. Metabolic study in human obesity with isocaloric diets high in fat, protein or carbohydrate.
    Metabolism. 1957 Sep;6(5):447-60 PMID: 13477100
  8. Calorie intake in relation to body-weight changes in the obese.
    Lancet. 1956 Jul 28;271(6935):155-61 PMID: 13347103
  9. Comparison between weight reduction on a high-calorie, highfat diet and on an isocaloric regimen high in carbohydrate.
    N Engl J Med. 1955 Apr 21;252(16):661-5 PMID: 14370404
  10. Nitrogen balance as related to caloric and protein intake in active young men.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1954 Nov-Dec;2(6):405-12 PMID: 13207036
  11. Interpretation of nitrogen balance data.
    Fed Proc. 1951 Sep;10(3):676-83 PMID: 14887702
  12. Influence of non-protein calories on protein metabolism.
    Fed Proc. 1951 Sep;10(3):660-9 PMID: 14887700
  13. Observations on the mechanism of adaptation to low protein intakes.
    Lancet. 1968 Nov 23;2(7578):1091-7 PMID: 4177158
  14. The matabolic fuel regulatory system: implications for protein-sparing therapies during caloric deprivation and disease.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1974 Feb;27(2):175-87 PMID: 4204849
  15. Protein sparing therapy during periods of starvation with sepsis of trauma.
    Ann Surg. 1973 May;177(5):588-94 PMID: 4634108
  16. Balanced low-calorie vs. high-protein-low-carbohydrate reducing diets. I. Weight loss, nutrient intake, and subjective evaluation.
    J Am Diet Assoc. 1974 Jan;64(1):47-51 PMID: 4808794
  17. Protein-sparing effect in obese women fed low calorie diets.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1974 Jan;27(1):3-12 PMID: 4809202
  18. Liver glycogen in man--the effect of total starvation or a carbohydrate-poor diet followed by carbohydrate refeeding.
    Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1973 Dec;32(4):325-30 PMID: 4771102
  19. Body composition changes during weight loss estimated from energy, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium balances.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1973 Feb;26(2):144-9 PMID: 4735725
  20. Ketosis, weight loss, uric acid, and nitrogen balance in obese women fed single nutrients at low caloric levels.
    Metabolism. 1969 Mar;18(3):193-208 PMID: 4887615
  21. Energy balance and body composition changes. A critical study of three recent publications.
    Ann Intern Med. 1968 Feb;68(2):467-80 PMID: 4890510
  22. Sweat and miscellaneous nitrogen losses in human balance studies.
    J Nutr. 1971 Jun;101(6):775-86 PMID: 5578925
  23. Use of independent measurement of body fat to evaluate overweight and underweight.
    Metabolism. 1971 Aug;20(8):792-804 PMID: 5568419
  24. Gross composition of weight loss in obese men on a 400-calorie diet.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 1971 Jan;24(1):14-9 PMID: 5539049
  25. Effect of starvation on body composition in obesity.
    Acta Med Scand. 1970 Sep;188(3):171-8 PMID: 5526939
  26. Variation in total body water with muscle glycogen changes in man.
    Acta Physiol Scand. 1970 Sep;80(1):11-8 PMID: 5475323
  27. Tissue changes during intermittent starvation and caloric restriction as treatment for severe obesity.
    Arch Intern Med. 1970 Jan;125(1):62-8 PMID: 5410654
  28. Human energy expenditure in starvation estimated by expired-air analysis.
    J Appl Physiol. 1967 Sep;23(3):297-303 PMID: 6047947
  29. Comparative effects of caloric restriction and total starvation on body composition in obesity.
    Ann Intern Med. 1967 Jul;67(1):60-7 PMID: 6028659
  30. Metabolic balance of obese subjects during fasting.
    Arch Intern Med. 1966 Jul;118(1):3-8 PMID: 5940192
  31. Changes in body composition during weight reduction in obesity. Balance studies comparing effects of fasting and a ketogenic diet.
    Ann Intern Med. 1965 Oct;63(4):604-12 PMID: 5838326
Article Info
Journal
The Journal of clinical investigation
Abbr.
J Clin Invest
ISSN
0021-9738
DOI
10.1172/JCI108519
Published
1976-09-00
Pages
722-30
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7802877
PMCID
PMC333231
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1172/JCI108519 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2