Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8879403 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Biosynthesis of bacteriocins in lactic acid bacteria.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ·Vol. 70 ·No. 2-4 ·1996-10-00 ·Pages 113-28

Nes IF, Diep DB, Håvarstein LS, Brurberg MB, Eijsink V, Holo H

Abstract

A large number of new bacteriocins in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been characterized in recent years. Most of the new bacteriocins belong to the class II bacteriocins which are small (30-100 amino acids) heat- stable and commonly not post-translationally modified. While most bacteriocin producers synthesize only one bacteriocin, it has been shown that several LAB produce multiple bacteriocins (2-3 bacteriocins). Based on common features, some of the class II bacteriocins can be divided into separate groups such as the pediocin-like and strong anti-listeria bacteriocins, the two-peptide bacteriocins, and bacteriocins with a sec-dependent signal sequence. With the exception of the very few bacteriocins containing a sec-dependent signal sequence, class II bacteriocins are synthesized in a preform containing an N-terminal double-glycine leader. The double-glycine leader-containing bacteriocins are processed concomitant with externalization by a dedicated ABC-transporter which has been shown to possess an N-terminal proteolytic domain. The production of some class II bacteriocins (plantaricins of Lactobacillus plantarum C11 and sakacin P of Lactobacillus sake) have been shown to be transcriptionally regulated through a signal transduction system which consists of three components: an induction factor (IF), histidine protein kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). An identical regulatory system is probably regulating the transcription of the sakacin A and carnobacteriocin B2 operons. The regulation of bacteriocin production is unique, since the IF is a bacteriocin-like peptide with a double-glycine leader processed and externalized most probably by the dedicated ABC-transporter associated with the bacteriocin. However, IF is not constituting the bacteriocin activity of the bacterium, IF is only activating the transcription of the regulated class II bacteriocin gene(s). The present review discusses recent findings concerning biosynthesis, genetics, and regulation of class II bacteriocins.

MeSH Terms
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism Amino Acid Sequence Bacterial Proteins/genetics,physiology Bacteriocins/biosynthesis Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Genes, Bacterial Lactic Acid/metabolism Lactobacillus/genetics,metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Streptococcaceae/genetics,metabolism
Chemicals
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Bacterial Proteins Bacteriocins Lactic Acid
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Nes I F
Department of Biotechnological Sciences, Agricultural University of Norway, ås, Norway.
Diep D B
Håvarstein L S
Brurberg M B
Eijsink V
Holo H
References (71)
71 references, click to expand
  1. Functional analysis of the pediocin operon of Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0: PedB is the immunity protein and PedD is the precursor processing enzyme.
    Mol Microbiol. 1995 Aug;17(3):515-22 PMID: 8559070
  2. Purification and amino acid sequence of sakacin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sake Lb706.
    J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Dec;138(12):2715-20 PMID: 1487735
  3. Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of genes involved in production of pediocin PA-1, and bacteriocin from Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Aug;58(8):2360-7 PMID: 1514784
  4. Biochemical and genetic characterization of a competence pheromone from B. subtilis.
    Cell. 1994 Apr 22;77(2):207-16 PMID: 8168130
  5. Autoregulation of nisin biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis by signal transduction.
    J Biol Chem. 1995 Nov 10;270(45):27299-304 PMID: 7592991
  6. Isolation and characterization of acidocin A and cloning of the bacteriocin gene from Lactobacillus acidophilus.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Mar;61(3):1061-7 PMID: 7793908
  7. Lactococcin A, a new bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris: isolation and characterization of the protein and its gene.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Jun;173(12):3879-87 PMID: 1904860
  8. Mode of Action of Lactococcin B, a Thiol-Activated Bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Apr;59(4):1041-8 PMID: 16348905
  9. Regulation of nisin biosynthesis and immunity in Lactococcus lactis 6F3.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Mar;60(3):814-25 PMID: 8161176
  10. Association of the lactococcin A immunity factor with the cell membrane: purification and characterization of the immunity factor.
    J Gen Microbiol. 1993 Jul;139(7):1503-9 PMID: 8371113
  11. Biosynthesis and biological activities of lantibiotics with unique post-translational modifications.
    Eur J Biochem. 1995 Jun 15;230(3):827-53 PMID: 7601145
  12. Cloning, phenotypic expression, and DNA sequence of the gene for lactacin F, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactobacillus spp.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Mar;173(5):1779-88 PMID: 1900281
  13. An unmodified heptadecapeptide pheromone induces competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Nov 21;92(24):11140-4 PMID: 7479953
  14. Plantaricins S and T, Two New Bacteriocins Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LPCO10 Isolated from a Green Olive Fermentation.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 May;59(5):1416-24 PMID: 16348933
  15. Mode of action of LciA, the lactococcin A immunity protein.
    Mol Microbiol. 1994 Nov;14(3):521-32 PMID: 7533883
  16. Engineering dehydrated amino acid residues in the antimicrobial peptide nisin.
    J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 5;267(34):24340-6 PMID: 1447185
  17. Regulation of competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae by an auto-induced peptide pheromone and a two-component regulatory system.
    Mol Microbiol. 1996 Aug;21(4):853-62 PMID: 8878046
  18. The genes involved in production of and immunity to sakacin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sake Lb706.
    J Bacteriol. 1995 Apr;177(8):2125-37 PMID: 7721704
  19. Topology of LcnD, a protein implicated in the transport of bacteriocins from Lactococcus lactis.
    J Bacteriol. 1996 Mar;178(6):1766-9 PMID: 8626308
  20. Analysis of the sakacin P gene cluster from Lactobacillus sake Lb674 and its expression in sakacin-negative Lb. sake strains.
    Microbiology. 1996 Jun;142 ( Pt 6):1437-48 PMID: 8704983
  21. The genes for secretion and maturation of lactococcins are located on the chromosome of Lactococcus lactis IL1403.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 May;62(5):1689-92 PMID: 8633867
  22. Induction of bacteriocin production in Lactobacillus sake by a secreted peptide.
    J Bacteriol. 1996 Apr;178(8):2232-7 PMID: 8636023
  23. New biologically active hybrid bacteriocins constructed by combining regions from various pediocin-like bacteriocins: the C-terminal region is important for determining specificity.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Sep;62(9):3313-8 PMID: 8795220
  24. A bacteriocin-like peptide induces bacteriocin synthesis in Lactobacillus plantarum C11.
    Mol Microbiol. 1995 Nov;18(4):631-9 PMID: 8817486
  25. Signal transduction pathways involving protein phosphorylation in prokaryotes.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:401-41 PMID: 1883200
  26. Biochemical and genetic characterization of enterocin A from Enterococcus faecium, a new antilisterial bacteriocin in the pediocin family of bacteriocins.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 May;62(5):1676-82 PMID: 8633865
  27. Purification and characterization of colicin V from Escherichia coli culture supernatants.
    Biochemistry. 1994 Jun 7;33(22):6911-7 PMID: 8204625
  28. Mutational analysis and chemical modification of Cys24 of lactococcin B, a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis.
    Microbiology. 1996 Oct;142 ( Pt 10):2825-30 PMID: 8885398
  29. Molecular analysis of the lactacin F operon.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3906-15 PMID: 8285694
  30. Molecular characterization of genes involved in the production of the bacteriocin leucocin A from Leuconostoc gelidum.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Oct;61(10):3573-9 PMID: 7486992
  31. Purification and characterization of plantaricin A, a Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin whose activity depends on the action of two peptides.
    J Gen Microbiol. 1993 Sep;139(9):1973-8 PMID: 8245827
  32. Expansion of bacteriocin activity and host range upon complementation of two peptides encoded within the lactacin F operon.
    J Bacteriol. 1994 Apr;176(8):2235-41 PMID: 8157592
  33. Structure, organization, and expression of the lct gene for lacticin 481, a novel lantibiotic produced by Lactococcus lactis.
    J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 5;268(22):16361-8 PMID: 8344922
  34. Autocrine regulation of toxin synthesis by Staphylococcus aureus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Feb 28;92(5):1619-23 PMID: 7533297
  35. Communication modules in bacterial signaling proteins.
    Annu Rev Genet. 1992;26:71-112 PMID: 1482126
  36. Characterization of the protein conferring immunity to the antimicrobial peptide carnobacteriocin B2 and expression of carnobacteriocins B2 and BM1.
    J Bacteriol. 1995 Mar;177(5):1144-51 PMID: 7868585
  37. Chemical and genetic characterization of bacteriocins produced by Carnobacterium piscicola LV17B.
    J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 22;269(16):12204-11 PMID: 8163526
  38. The leader peptide of colicin V shares consensus sequences with leader peptides that are common among peptide bacteriocins produced by gram-positive bacteria.
    Microbiology. 1994 Sep;140 ( Pt 9):2383-9 PMID: 7952189
  39. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene from Lactobacillus sake Lb706 necessary for sakacin A production and immunity.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Sep;59(9):2868-75 PMID: 8215360
  40. Genetic analysis of an MDR-like export system: the secretion of colicin V.
    EMBO J. 1990 Dec;9(12):3875-84 PMID: 2249654
  41. Bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria.
    Microbiol Rev. 1995 Jun;59(2):171-200 PMID: 7603408
  42. Purification and amino acid sequence of a bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus acidilactici.
    J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Sep;138(9):1985-90 PMID: 1402795
  43. Characteristics and genetic determinant of a hydrophobic peptide bacteriocin, carnobacteriocin A, produced by Carnobacterium piscicola LV17A.
    Microbiology. 1994 Mar;140 ( Pt 3):517-26 PMID: 8012574
  44. Heterologous expression of the lactacin F peptides by Carnobacterium piscicola LV17.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Apr;61(4):1371-7 PMID: 7747957
  45. A family of bacteriocin ABC transporters carry out proteolytic processing of their substrates concomitant with export.
    Mol Microbiol. 1995 Apr;16(2):229-40 PMID: 7565085
  46. Cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli of lcnB, a third bacteriocin determinant from the lactococcal bacteriocin plasmid p9B4-6.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Feb;58(2):572-7 PMID: 1610182
  47. Molecular analyses of the lactococcin A gene cluster from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis WM4.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Jun;58(6):1952-61 PMID: 1622271
  48. Pore-forming bacteriocins of gram-positive bacteria and self-protection mechanisms of producer organisms.
    FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995 Jun 1;129(1):1-10 PMID: 7781983
  49. A novel lactococcal bacteriocin whose activity depends on the complementary action of two peptides.
    J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(17):5686-92 PMID: 1512201
  50. Characterization of the locus responsible for the bacteriocin production in Lactobacillus plantarum C11.
    J Bacteriol. 1996 Aug;178(15):4472-83 PMID: 8755874
  51. Expression of lactococcin A and pediocin PA-1 in heterologous hosts.
    Lett Appl Microbiol. 1995 Sep;21(3):183-9 PMID: 7576505
  52. Genetics of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.
    FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1993 Sep;12(1-3):39-85 PMID: 8398217
  53. Cloning and sequencing of curA encoding curvacin A, the bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus curvatus LTH1174.
    Arch Microbiol. 1993;160(4):279-83 PMID: 7694558
  54. Genetic structure of the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAD1-encoded cytolytic toxin system and its relationship to lantibiotic determinants.
    J Bacteriol. 1994 Dec;176(23):7335-44 PMID: 7961506
  55. Cloning and sequencing of sakP encoding sakacin P, the bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake LTH 673.
    Microbiology. 1994 Feb;140 ( Pt 2):361-7 PMID: 8180701
  56. Pheromones': a new term for a class of biologically active substances.
    Nature. 1959 Jan 3;183(4653):55-6 PMID: 13622694
  57. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence of pap-gene (pediocin AcH production) in Pediococcus acidilactici H.
    Lett Appl Microbiol. 1992 Aug;15(2):45-8 PMID: 1368421
  58. Protein phosphorylation and regulation of adaptive responses in bacteria.
    Microbiol Rev. 1989 Dec;53(4):450-90 PMID: 2556636
  59. Organization and nucleotide sequences of two lactococcal bacteriocin operons.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Feb;57(2):492-8 PMID: 1901707
  60. Characterization and purification of mesentericin Y105, an anti-Listeria bacteriocin from Leuconostoc mesenteroides.
    J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Dec;138(12):2725-31 PMID: 1487737
  61. The gene encoding plantaricin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus plantarum C11, is located on the same transcription unit as an agr-like regulatory system.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 Jan;60(1):160-6 PMID: 8117074
  62. Cell density control of staphylococcal virulence mediated by an octapeptide pheromone.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 19;92(26):12055-9 PMID: 8618843
  63. Characterization of the Lactococcus lactis nisin A operon genes nisP, encoding a subtilisin-like serine protease involved in precursor processing, and nisR, encoding a regulatory protein involved in nisin biosynthesis.
    J Bacteriol. 1993 May;175(9):2578-88 PMID: 8478324
  64. Characterization of leucocin A-UAL 187 and cloning of the bacteriocin gene from Leuconostoc gelidum.
    J Bacteriol. 1991 Dec;173(23):7491-500 PMID: 1840587
  65. Isolation and characterization of the lantibiotic salivaricin A and its structural gene salA from Streptococcus salivarius 20P3.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Jul;59(7):2014-21 PMID: 8357242
  66. Pediocin PA-1, a bacteriocin from Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0, forms hydrophilic pores in the cytoplasmic membrane of target cells.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 Nov;59(11):3577-84 PMID: 8285666
  67. Purification and partial amino acid sequence of plantaricin S, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LPCO10, the activity of which depends on the complementary action of two peptides.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 1995 Dec;61(12):4459-63 PMID: 8534111
  68. Purification and primary structure of pediocin PA-1 produced by Pediococcus acidilactici PAC-1.0.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 May 15;295(1):5-12 PMID: 1575516
  69. Cloning of a chromosomal locus (exp) which regulates the expression of several exoprotein genes in Staphylococcus aureus.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Mar;211(3):435-40 PMID: 3285138
  70. Genetic analysis of acidocin B, a novel bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus.
    Microbiology. 1995 Jul;141 ( Pt 7):1629-35 PMID: 7551031
  71. Maturation pathway of nisin and other lantibiotics: post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptides exported by gram-positive bacteria.
    Mol Microbiol. 1995 Aug;17(3):427-37 PMID: 8559062
Article Info
Journal
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Abbr.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
ISSN
0003-6072
DOI
10.1007/BF00395929
Published
1996-10-00
Pages
113-28
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
0372625
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00395929 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2