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PMID: 8692822 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Dynamic methylation adjustment and counting as part of imprinting mechanisms.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 93 ·No. 13 ·1996-06-25 ·Pages 6371-6

Shemer R, Birger Y, Dean WL, Reik W, Riggs AD, Razin A

Abstract

Monoallelic expression in diploid mammalian cells appears to be a widespread phenomenon, with the most studied examples being X-chromosome inactivation in eutherian female cells and genomic imprinting in the mouse and human. Silencing and methylation of certain sites on one of the two alleles in somatic cells is specific with respect to parental source for imprinted genes and random for X-linked genes. We report here evidence indicating that: (i) differential methylation patterns of imprinted genes are not simply copied from the gametes, but rather established gradually after fertilization; (ii) very similar methylation patterns are observed for diploid, tetraploid, parthenogenic, and androgenic preimplantation mouse embryos, as well as parthenogenic and androgenic mouse embryonic stem cells; (iii) haploid parthenogenic embryos do not show methylation adjustment as seen in diploid or tetraploid embryos, but rather retain the maternal pattern. These observations suggest that differential methylation in imprinted genes is achieved by a dynamic process that senses gene dosage and adjusts methylation similar to X-chromosome inactivation.

MeSH Terms
Androgens/physiology Animals Base Sequence DNA Primers Dosage Compensation, Genetic Embryonic Development Female Genomic Imprinting Methylation Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Molecular Sequence Data Parthenogenesis Pregnancy
Chemicals
Androgens DNA Primers
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Shemer R
Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Birger Y
Dean W L
Reik W
Riggs A D
Razin A
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Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.93.13.6371
Published
1996-06-25
Pages
6371-6
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC39029
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM20483 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM50575 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6371 PMC Full Text View journal details
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