Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 8576965 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

The age of Alu subfamilies.

Journal of molecular evolution ·Vol. 42 ·No. 1 ·1996-01-00 ·Pages 59-65

Kapitonov V, Jurka J

Abstract

Using Kimura's distance measure we have calculated the average age of all major Alu subfamilies based on the most recent available data. We conclude that AluJ sequences are some 26 Myr older than previously thought. Furthermore, the origin of the FLA (Free Left Arm) Alu family can be traced back to the very beginning of the mammalian radiation. One new minor subfamily is reported and discussed in the context of sequence diversity in major Alu subfamilies.

MeSH Terms
Animals Base Sequence Evolution, Molecular Humans Molecular Sequence Data Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Kapitonov V
Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.
Jurka J
References (33)
33 references, click to expand
  1. A new subfamily of recently retroposed human Alu repeats.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 May 11;21(9):2252 PMID: 8502570
  2. BC200 RNA: a neural RNA polymerase III product encoded by a monomeric Alu element.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Dec 15;90(24):11563-7 PMID: 8265590
  3. Existence of at least three distinct Alu subfamilies.
    J Mol Evol. 1987;26(3):180-6 PMID: 3129565
  4. An Alu element retroposition in two families with Huntington disease defines a new active Alu subfamily.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jul 25;21(15):3379-83 PMID: 8393987
  5. Structure and variability of recently inserted Alu family members.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 11;18(23):6793-8 PMID: 2175877
  6. A master sequence related to a free left Alu monomer (FLAM) at the origin of the B1 family in rodent genomes.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jun 25;22(12):2222-7 PMID: 8036148
  7. Clustering and subfamily relationships of the Alu family in the human genome.
    Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Jan;4(1):19-29 PMID: 3128713
  8. Structure of the rat gene encoding the mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor.
    Gene. 1992 Nov 16;121(2):377-82 PMID: 1332914
  9. Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in mammalian genes and the nearly neutral theory.
    J Mol Evol. 1995 Jan;40(1):56-63 PMID: 7714912
  10. Recently amplified Alu family members share a common parental Alu sequence.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Oct;8(10):4566-9 PMID: 3185561
  11. Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree.
    Nature. 1992 Mar 12;356(6365):121-5 PMID: 1545862
  12. Estimation of evolutionary distances between homologous nucleotide sequences.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jan;78(1):454-8 PMID: 6165991
  13. Free left arms as precursor molecules in the evolution of Alu sequences.
    J Mol Evol. 1991 Jul;33(1):49-56 PMID: 1909376
  14. Molecular phylogeny of Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Primates, Artiodactyla, and Carnivora and molecular clocks.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6703-7 PMID: 2395871
  15. Alu sequences are processed 7SL RNA genes.
    Nature. 1984 Nov 8-14;312(5990):171-2 PMID: 6209580
  16. Rates of DNA sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups.
    Science. 1986 Mar 21;231(4744):1393-8 PMID: 3082006
  17. Evolution of the master Alu gene(s).
    J Mol Evol. 1991 Oct;33(4):311-20 PMID: 1774786
  18. Nonviral retroposons: genes, pseudogenes, and transposable elements generated by the reverse flow of genetic information.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:631-61 PMID: 2427017
  19. Repeat sequence families derived from mammalian tRNA genes.
    Nature. 1985 Oct 31-Nov 6;317(6040):819-22 PMID: 3851163
  20. Identification and characterization of new human medium reiteration frequency repeats.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Mar 11;21(5):1273-9 PMID: 8464711
  21. Sequence conservation in Alu evolution.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 11;17(7):2477-91 PMID: 2541408
  22. Reconstruction and analysis of human Alu genes.
    J Mol Evol. 1991 Feb;32(2):105-21 PMID: 1706781
  23. Sources and evolution of human Alu repeated sequences.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4770-4 PMID: 3387437
  24. Evolutionary rates of insertion and deletion in noncoding nucleotide sequences of primates.
    Mol Biol Evol. 1994 May;11(3):504-12 PMID: 8015443
  25. Multiple aligned sequence editor (MASE).
    Trends Biochem Sci. 1988 Aug;13(8):321-2 PMID: 3154283
  26. Evolutionary selection against change in many Alu repeat sequences interspersed through primate genomes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jun 21;91(13):5992-6 PMID: 8016103
  27. Origin of the Alu family: a family of Alu-like monomers gave birth to the left and the right arms of the Alu elements.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Jul 11;20(13):3397-401 PMID: 1378589
  28. Recently transposed Alu repeats result from multiple source genes.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Oct 25;18(20):6019-23 PMID: 2172925
  29. A fundamental division in the Alu family of repeated sequences.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4775-8 PMID: 3387438
  30. The Alu family developed through successive waves of fixation closely connected with primate lineage history.
    J Mol Evol. 1988;27(3):194-202 PMID: 3138422
  31. Evidence that most human Alu sequences were inserted in a process that ceased about 30 million years ago.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jun 21;91(13):6148-50 PMID: 8016128
  32. Standardized nomenclature for Alu repeats.
    J Mol Evol. 1996 Jan;42(1):3-6 PMID: 8576960
  33. Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids.
    J Mol Evol. 1990 Mar;30(3):260-6 PMID: 2109087
Article Info
Journal
Journal of molecular evolution
Abbr.
J Mol Evol
ISSN
0022-2844
DOI
10.1007/BF00163212
Published
1996-01-00
Pages
59-65
Language
English
Region
Germany
NLM ID
0360051
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
J03071, L09792, M20903, X51525, X59739, X62357, X74984, Z15027
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00163212 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2