Mechanisms of chain folding in nucleic acids. The (omega, omega) plot and its correlation to the nucleotide geometry in yeast tRNAPhe1.

The (omega', omega) polot depicting the internucleotide P-O bond rotation angles in yeast phenylalanyl transfer RNA has established the interdependence of the phosphodiesters and the nucleotide geometries in the folding of the polynucleotide backbone. The plot distinguishes the regions characteristic of secondary helical structures and tertiary structural loops and bends. The folding of the polynucleotide chain is accomplished either solely by rotations around the P-O bonds or in concert with rotations around the nucleotide C4'-C5' bond with or without changes in the sugar ring pucker. In spite of differences in nucleotide sequence and intraloop tertiary interactions in the anticodon and pseudouridine loops, a characteristic repeating structural unit is found for the sugar-phosphate backbone of the tetranucleotide segment around the sharp turns.