Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 3556162 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Selection of AUG initiation codons differs in plants and animals.

The EMBO journal ·Vol. 6 ·No. 1 ·1987-01-00 ·Pages 43-8

Lütcke HA, Chow KC, Mickel FS, Moss KA, Kern HF, Scheele GA

Abstract

The influence of the nucleotide at position -3 relative to the AUG initiation codon on the initiation of protein synthesis was studied in two different in vitro translation systems using synthetic mRNAs. The four mRNAs, transcribed from cDNAs directed by an SP6 promoter, were identical except for mutations at nucleotide -3. In each case, translation of mRNAs produced a single protein of Mr = 12,600. Relative translational efficiencies showed a hierarchy in the reticulocyte lysate system (100, 85, 61 and 38% for A, G, U and C in position -3, respectively) but no differences in the wheat germ system. Differential mRNA degradation or polypeptide chain elongation were excluded as causes of the differences observed in translation in the reticulocyte lysate. mRNA competition increased the differences observed in translational efficiencies in reticulocyte lysate but showed no effect in wheat germ. Analysis of 61 plant and 209 animal mRNA sequences revealed qualitative and quantitative differences between the consensus sequences surrounding AUG initiation codons. Whereas the consensus sequence for animals was CACCAUG that for plants was AACAAUGGC. Both the structural and functional findings suggest that the factors which select AUG initiation codons in plants and animals differ significantly.

MeSH Terms
Animals Codon DNA/metabolism Escherichia coli/genetics Mutation Plants/genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic Protein Biosynthesis RNA, Messenger/genetics Species Specificity Templates, Genetic Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
Codon RNA, Messenger DNA
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Lütcke H A
Chow K C
Mickel F S
Moss K A
Kern H F
Scheele G A
References (31)
31 references, click to expand
  1. Complete sequence of one of the mRNAs coding for the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of Nicotiana sylvestris.
    Biochimie. 1984 Jul-Aug;66(7-8):539-45 PMID: 6549380
  2. Structure and expression of three light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 May 27;14(10):4051-64 PMID: 3012462
  3. A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels.
    Eur J Biochem. 1974 Jul 1;46(1):83-8 PMID: 4850204
  4. Differential regulation of trypsinogen mRNA translation: full-length mRNA sequences encoding two oppositely charged trypsinogen isoenzymes in the dog pancreas.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2669-76 PMID: 3841794
  5. Identification of cDNA clones encoding secretory isoenzyme forms: sequence determination of canine pancreatic prechymotrypsinogen 2 mRNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(24):7486-90 PMID: 6584866
  6. Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Oct 24;9(20):5233-52 PMID: 7301588
  7. Evidence for selection as a mechanism in the concerted evolution of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3880-4 PMID: 3012537
  8. Structure and expression of a pea nuclear gene encoding a chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(10):2960-4 PMID: 16593461
  9. Chromatin conformation of yeast centromeres.
    J Cell Biol. 1984 Nov;99(5):1559-68 PMID: 6092387
  10. New rapid methods for DNA sequencing based in exonuclease III digestion followed by repair synthesis.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Mar 25;10(6):2065-84 PMID: 6281730
  11. Molecular characterization and genetic mapping of two clusters of genes encoding chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins in Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato).
    Gene. 1985;40(2-3):247-58 PMID: 3007291
  12. Multiple-level caerulein control of the gene expression of secretory proteins in the rat pancreas.
    Eur J Biochem. 1985 Sep 16;151(3):461-6 PMID: 2411557
  13. Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes.
    Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):283-92 PMID: 3943125
  14. Structure and developmental regulation of a wheat gene encoding the major chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1370-8 PMID: 3897835
  15. A rapid boiling method for the preparation of bacterial plasmids.
    Anal Biochem. 1981 Jun;114(1):193-7 PMID: 6269464
  16. The wheat embryo cell-free system.
    Methods Enzymol. 1974;30:749-54 PMID: 4212463
  17. Mechanism of compartmentation of secretory proteins: transport of exocrine pancreatic proteins across the microsomal membrane.
    J Cell Biol. 1980 Dec;87(3 Pt 1):611-28 PMID: 7462318
  18. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 PMID: 271968
  19. An efficient mRNA-dependent translation system from reticulocyte lysates.
    Eur J Biochem. 1976 AUG 1;67(1):247-56 PMID: 823012
  20. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857-72 PMID: 6694911
  21. Isolation of specific RNA's using DNA covalently linked to diazobenzyloxymethyl cellulose or paper.
    Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:206-20 PMID: 94420
  22. Functional and mutational analysis of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein of thylakoid membranes.
    J Cell Biol. 1986 Mar;102(3):972-81 PMID: 3512583
  23. Reovirus hemagglutinin mRNA codes for two polypeptides in overlapping reading frames.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(1):48-52 PMID: 3855548
  24. Primary structures of canine pancreatic lipase and phospholipase A2 messenger RNAs.
    Pancreas. 1986;1(5):430-7 PMID: 3562437
  25. Point mutations close to the AUG initiator codon affect the efficiency of translation of rat preproinsulin in vivo.
    Nature. 1984 Mar 15-21;308(5956):241-6 PMID: 6700727
  26. The genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase are expressed differentially in petunia leaves.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Apr 25;14(8):3325-42 PMID: 3010233
  27. Control of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates: effects of 3':5'-cyclic AMP, ATP, and GTP on inhibitions induced by hemedeficiency, double-stranded RNA, and a reticulocyte translationa inhibitor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Apr;73(4):1112-6 PMID: 177976
  28. A previously unrecognized influenza B virus glycoprotein from a bicistronic mRNA that also encodes the viral neuraminidase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Aug;80(16):4879-83 PMID: 6308656
  29. Measles virus P gene codes for two proteins.
    J Virol. 1985 Mar;53(3):908-19 PMID: 3882996
  30. The petunia chlorophyll a/b binding protein genes: a comparison of Cab genes from different gene families.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Apr 11;13(7):2503-18 PMID: 2987856
  31. Sendai virus contains overlapping genes expressed from a single mRNA.
    Cell. 1983 Dec;35(3 Pt 2):829-36 PMID: 6317203
Article Info
Journal
The EMBO journal
Abbr.
EMBO J
ISSN
0261-4189
Published
1987-01-00
Pages
43-8
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
8208664
PMCID
PMC553354
Subset
IM
Grants
NIADDK NIH HHS · AM18532 · United States
External Links
PubMed source PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2