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PMID: 26467955 Published · epublish English Journal Article Review

Insect Sex Determination Manipulated by Their Endosymbionts: Incidences, Mechanisms and Implications.

Insects ·Vol. 3 ·No. 1 ·2012-02-10 ·Pages 161-99

Kageyama D, Narita S, Watanabe M

Abstract

The sex-determining systems of arthropods are surprisingly diverse. Some species have male or female heterogametic sex chromosomes while other species do not have sex chromosomes. Most species are diploids but some species, including wasps, ants, thrips and mites, are haplodiploids (n in males; 2n in females). Many of the sexual aberrations, such as sexual mosaics, sex-specific lethality and conversion of sexuality, can be explained by developmental defects including double fertilization of a binucleate egg, loss of a sex chromosome or perturbation of sex-determining gene expression, which occur accidentally or are induced by certain environmental conditions. However, recent studies have revealed that such sexual aberrations can be caused by various groups of vertically-transmitted endosymbiotic microbes such as bacteria of the genera Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, Spiroplasma and Cardinium, as well as microsporidian protists. In this review, we first summarize the accumulated data on endosymbiont-induced sexual aberrations, and then discuss how such endosymbionts affect the developmental system of their hosts and what kinds of ecological and evolutionary effects these endosymbionts have on their host populations.

Keywords
Wolbachia endosymbiont feminization insect male killing sex determination
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Kageyama Daisuke
Insect-Microbe Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan. kagymad@affrc.go.jp.
Narita Satoko
Insect-Microbe Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan. naritas@affrc.go.jp.
Watanabe Masaya
Insect-Microbe Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan. wtnbm1ab@affrc.go.jp.
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Article Info
Journal
Insects
Abbr.
Insects
ISSN
2075-4450
DOI
10.3390/insects3010161
Email
kagymad@affrc.go.jp
naritas@affrc.go.jp
wtnbm1ab@affrc.go.jp
Published
2012-02-10
Epub
2012-00-10
Pages
161-99
Language
English
Region
Switzerland
NLM ID
101574235
PMCID
PMC4553623
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.3390/insects3010161 PMC Full Text View journal details
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