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PMID: 23686230 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review

The APOBEC3 family of retroelement restriction factors.

Current topics in microbiology and immunology ·Vol. 371 ·2013-00-00 ·Pages 1-27

Refsland EW, Harris RS

Abstract

The ability to regulate and even target mutagenesis is an extremely valuable cellular asset. Enzyme-catalyzed DNA cytosine deamination is a molecular strategy employed by vertebrates to promote antibody diversity and defend against foreign nucleic acids. Ten years ago, a family of cellular enzymes was first described with several proving capable of deaminating DNA and inhibiting HIV-1 replication. Ensuing studies on the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) restriction factors have uncovered a broad-spectrum innate defense network that suppresses the replication of numerous endogenous and exogenous DNA-based parasites. Although many viruses possess equally elaborate counter-defense mechanisms, the APOBEC3 enzymes offer a tantalizing possibility of leveraging innate immunity to fend off viral infection. Here, we focus on mechanisms of retroelement restriction by the APOBEC3 family of restriction enzymes, and we consider the therapeutic benefits, as well as the possible pathological consequences, of arming cells with active DNA deaminases.

MeSH Terms
Animals Antibody Diversity/physiology Cytosine Deaminase/immunology HIV-1/physiology Humans Immunity, Innate Mutagenesis/physiology
Chemicals
Cytosine Deaminase
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Refsland Eric W
Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Harris Reuben S
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Article Info
Journal
Current topics in microbiology and immunology
Abbr.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol
ISSN
0070-217X
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-37765-5_1
Published
2013-00-00
Pages
1-27
Language
English
Region
Germany
NLM ID
0110513
PMCID
PMC3934647
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · R01-AI064046 · United States
NCATS NIH HHS · UL1 TR000114 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · F31-DA033186 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · P01 GM091743 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI064046 · United States
NIDA NIH HHS · F31 DA033186 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · P01-GM091743 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37765-5_1 PMC Full Text View journal details
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