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PMID: 22474485 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

CD4⁺T cells: differentiation and functions.

Clinical & developmental immunology ·Vol. 2012 ·2012-00-00 ·Pages 925135

Luckheeram RV, Zhou R, Verma AD, Xia B

Abstract

CD4⁺T cells are crucial in achieving a regulated effective immune response to pathogens. Naive CD4⁺T cells are activated after interaction with antigen-MHC complex and differentiate into specific subtypes depending mainly on the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment. Besides the classical T-helper 1 and T-helper 2, other subsets have been identified, including T-helper 17, regulatory T cell, follicular helper T cell, and T-helper 9, each with a characteristic cytokine profile. For a particular phenotype to be differentiated, a set of cytokine signaling pathways coupled with activation of lineage-specific transcription factors and epigenetic modifications at appropriate genes are required. The effector functions of these cells are mediated by the cytokines secreted by the differentiated cells. This paper will focus on the cytokine-signaling and the network of transcription factors responsible for the differentiation of naive CD4⁺T cells.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cell Differentiation/genetics,immunology Cytokines/biosynthesis,immunology Epigenesis, Genetic/immunology Gene Expression Regulation/immunology Humans Lymphocyte Activation/genetics,immunology Mice Signal Transduction/genetics,immunology T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology,immunology Th1 Cells/cytology,immunology Th17 Cells/cytology,immunology Th2 Cells/cytology,immunology Transcription Factors/genetics,immunology
Chemicals
Cytokines Transcription Factors
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Luckheeram Rishi Vishal
Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China.
Zhou Rui
Verma Asha Devi
Xia Bing
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Article Info
Journal
Clinical & developmental immunology
Abbr.
Clin Dev Immunol
ISSN
1740-2530
DOI
10.1155/2012/925135
Published
2012-00-00
Epub
2012-00-14
Pages
925135
Language
English
Region
Egypt
NLM ID
101183692
PMCID
PMC3312336
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1155/2012/925135 PMC Full Text
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