Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 22193160 Published · epublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

COPII and the regulation of protein sorting in mammals.

Nature cell biology ·Vol. 14 ·No. 1 ·2011-12-22 ·Pages 20-8

Zanetti G, Pahuja KB, Studer S, Shim S, Schekman R

Abstract

Secretory proteins are transported to the Golgi complex in vesicles that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoplasmic coat protein complex II (COPII) is responsible for cargo sorting and vesicle morphogenesis. COPII was first described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but its basic function is conserved throughout all eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the COPII coat has adapted to the higher complexity of mammalian physiology, achieving more sophisticated levels of secretory regulation. In this review we cover aspects of mammalian COPII-mediated regulation of secretion, in particular related to the function of COPII paralogues, the spatial organization of cargo export and the role of accessory proteins.

MeSH Terms
Animals COP-Coated Vesicles/metabolism Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism Golgi Apparatus/metabolism Humans Mammals Protein Transport Secretory Pathway/physiology
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Zanetti Giulia
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Pahuja Kanika Bajaj
Studer Sean
Shim Soomin
Schekman Randy
References (126)
126 references, click to expand
  1. SNARE selectivity of the COPII coat.
    Cell. 2003 Aug 22;114(4):483-95 PMID: 12941276
  2. The genetic basis of a craniofacial disease provides insight into COPII coat assembly.
    Dev Cell. 2007 Nov;13(5):623-634 PMID: 17981132
  3. Drosophila Sec16 mediates the biogenesis of tER sites upstream of Sar1 through an arginine-rich motif.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2008 Oct;19(10):4352-65 PMID: 18614796
  4. Sorting of GPI-anchored proteins into ER exit sites by p24 proteins is dependent on remodeled GPI.
    J Cell Biol. 2011 Jul 11;194(1):61-75 PMID: 21727194
  5. An open conformation of switch I revealed by Sar1-GDP crystal structure at low Mg2+.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 29;348(3):908-15 PMID: 16899220
  6. Sequential interactions with Sec23 control the direction of vesicle traffic.
    Nature. 2011 May 12;473(7346):181-6 PMID: 21532587
  7. Mammalian GPI-anchored proteins require p24 proteins for their efficient transport from the ER to the plasma membrane.
    Biochem J. 2008 Jan 15;409(2):555-62 PMID: 17927562
  8. Electrochemical cues regulate assembly of the Frizzled/Dishevelled complex at the plasma membrane during planar epithelial polarization.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Mar;11(3):286-94 PMID: 19234454
  9. ER-to-Golgi carriers arise through direct en bloc protrusion and multistage maturation of specialized ER exit domains.
    Dev Cell. 2003 Oct;5(4):583-94 PMID: 14536060
  10. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDAII) is caused by mutations in the SEC23B gene.
    Hum Mutat. 2009 Sep;30(9):1292-8 PMID: 19621418
  11. ERK7 is a negative regulator of protein secretion in response to amino-acid starvation by modulating Sec16 membrane association.
    EMBO J. 2011 Aug 16;30(18):3684-700 PMID: 21847093
  12. Export of cellubrevin from the endoplasmic reticulum is controlled by BAP31.
    J Cell Biol. 1997 Dec 15;139(6):1397-410 PMID: 9396746
  13. Exit of major histocompatibility complex class II-invariant chain p35 complexes from the endoplasmic reticulum is modulated by phosphorylation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 3;95(3):1056-61 PMID: 9448284
  14. Surface structure of the COPII-coated vesicle.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Nov 20;98(24):13705-9 PMID: 11717432
  15. Structure of the Sec13/31 COPII coat cage.
    Nature. 2006 Jan 12;439(7073):234-8 PMID: 16407955
  16. Multiple cargo binding sites on the COPII subunit Sec24p ensure capture of diverse membrane proteins into transport vesicles.
    Cell. 2003 Aug 22;114(4):497-509 PMID: 12941277
  17. Procollagen traverses the Golgi stack without leaving the lumen of cisternae: evidence for cisternal maturation.
    Cell. 1998 Dec 23;95(7):993-1003 PMID: 9875853
  18. Activation of phospholipase D by the small GTPase Sar1p is required to support COPII assembly and ER export.
    EMBO J. 2003 Aug 15;22(16):4059-69 PMID: 12912905
  19. Vesicular calcium regulates coat retention, fusogenicity, and size of pre-Golgi intermediates.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2010 Mar 15;21(6):1033-46 PMID: 20089833
  20. Structural basis for cargo regulation of COPII coat assembly.
    Cell. 2008 Aug 8;134(3):474-84 PMID: 18692470
  21. Visualization of ER-to-Golgi transport in living cells reveals a sequential mode of action for COPII and COPI.
    Cell. 1997 Sep 19;90(6):1137-48 PMID: 9323141
  22. The serotonin transporter is an exclusive client of the coat protein complex II (COPII) component SEC24C.
    J Biol Chem. 2011 May 6;286(18):16482-90 PMID: 21454670
  23. Structural basis for activation of ARF GTPase: mechanisms of guanine nucleotide exchange and GTP-myristoyl switching.
    Cell. 1998 Oct 16;95(2):237-48 PMID: 9790530
  24. Requirements for transitional endoplasmic reticulum site structure and function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2010 May 1;21(9):1530-45 PMID: 20200224
  25. The structure of a COPII tubule.
    J Struct Biol. 2011 Feb;173(2):358-64 PMID: 20828620
  26. Mammalian Sec23p homologue is restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum transitional cytoplasm.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8611-5 PMID: 1924322
  27. Expression of Sar1b enhances chylomicron assembly and key components of the coat protein complex II system driving vesicle budding.
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Nov;31(11):2692-9 PMID: 21836065
  28. COPII subunit interactions in the assembly of the vesicle coat.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 10;272(41):25413-6 PMID: 9325247
  29. Efficient coupling of Sec23-Sec24 to Sec13-Sec31 drives COPII-dependent collagen secretion and is essential for normal craniofacial development.
    J Cell Sci. 2008 Sep 15;121(Pt 18):3025-34 PMID: 18713835
  30. Sterol-regulated transport of SREBPs from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi: Insig renders sorting signal in Scap inaccessible to COPII proteins.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr 17;104(16):6519-26 PMID: 17428919
  31. Immuno-electron tomography of ER exit sites reveals the existence of free COPII-coated transport carriers.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2006 Apr;8(4):377-83 PMID: 16531996
  32. Selective export of human GPI-anchored proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Cell Sci. 2010 May 15;123(Pt 10):1705-15 PMID: 20427317
  33. Global defects in collagen secretion in a Mia3/TANGO1 knockout mouse.
    J Cell Biol. 2011 May 30;193(5):935-51 PMID: 21606205
  34. PX-RICS mediates ER-to-Golgi transport of the N-cadherin/beta-catenin complex.
    Genes Dev. 2008 May 1;22(9):1244-56 PMID: 18451111
  35. The p24 proteins are not essential for vesicular transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4034-9 PMID: 10737764
  36. A model for the self-organization of exit sites in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Cell Sci. 2008 Jan 1;121(Pt 1):55-64 PMID: 18073241
  37. Mammalian Sec16/p250 plays a role in membrane traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 15;282(24):17632-9 PMID: 17428803
  38. Differential selection of Golgi proteins by COPII Sec24 isoforms in procyclic Trypanosoma brucei.
    Traffic. 2011 Nov;12(11):1575-91 PMID: 21801288
  39. Cholesterol feedback: from Schoenheimer's bottle to Scap's MELADL.
    J Lipid Res. 2009 Apr;50 Suppl:S15-27 PMID: 18974038
  40. COPII: a membrane coat formed by Sec proteins that drive vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum.
    Cell. 1994 Jun 17;77(6):895-907 PMID: 8004676
  41. Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity during neural tube closure.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Jan;12(1):41-6; sup pp 1-8 PMID: 19966784
  42. The Ca2+-binding protein ALG-2 is recruited to endoplasmic reticulum exit sites by Sec31A and stabilizes the localization of Sec31A.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Nov;17(11):4876-87 PMID: 16957052
  43. The organization of endoplasmic reticulum export complexes.
    J Cell Biol. 1996 Oct;135(1):19-35 PMID: 8858160
  44. Cargo selection into COPII vesicles is driven by the Sec24p subunit.
    EMBO J. 2002 Nov 15;21(22):6105-13 PMID: 12426382
  45. Organisation of human ER-exit sites: requirements for the localisation of Sec16 to transitional ER.
    J Cell Sci. 2009 Aug 15;122(Pt 16):2924-34 PMID: 19638414
  46. Identification of ERGIC-53 as an intracellular transport receptor of alpha1-antitrypsin.
    J Cell Biol. 2008 Feb 25;180(4):705-12 PMID: 18283111
  47. TFG-1 function in protein secretion and oncogenesis.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2011 May;13(5):550-8 PMID: 21478858
  48. Mutations in a Sar1 GTPase of COPII vesicles are associated with lipid absorption disorders.
    Nat Genet. 2003 May;34(1):29-31 PMID: 12692552
  49. Mutations affecting the secretory COPII coat component SEC23B cause congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II.
    Nat Genet. 2009 Aug;41(8):936-40 PMID: 19561605
  50. Sec16 is a determinant of transitional ER organization.
    Curr Biol. 2005 Aug 23;15(16):1439-47 PMID: 16111939
  51. ERp29 restricts Connexin43 oligomerization in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2009 May;20(10):2593-604 PMID: 19321666
  52. Sec16 defines endoplasmic reticulum exit sites and is required for secretory cargo export in mammalian cells.
    Traffic. 2006 Dec;7(12):1678-87 PMID: 17005010
  53. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate formation at ER exit sites regulates ER export.
    Dev Cell. 2006 Nov;11(5):671-82 PMID: 17084359
  54. In vitro reconstitution of ER-stress induced ATF6 transport in COPII vesicles.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 20;106(42):17775-80 PMID: 19822759
  55. TRAPPI tethers COPII vesicles by binding the coat subunit Sec23.
    Nature. 2007 Feb 22;445(7130):941-4 PMID: 17287728
  56. Interaction of Bap31 and MHC class I molecules and their traffic out of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Immunol. 2009 Apr 15;182(8):4776-83 PMID: 19342655
  57. Identification of 23 complementation groups required for post-translational events in the yeast secretory pathway.
    Cell. 1980 Aug;21(1):205-15 PMID: 6996832
  58. Dissection of COPII subunit-cargo assembly and disassembly kinetics during Sar1p-GTP hydrolysis.
    Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2005 Feb;12(2):167-74 PMID: 15665868
  59. Sec16A defines the site for vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum on exit from mitosis.
    J Cell Sci. 2010 Dec 1;123(Pt 23):4032-8 PMID: 21045114
  60. Anderson's disease (chylomicron retention disease): a new mutation in the SARA2 gene associated with muscular and cardiac abnormalities.
    Clin Genet. 2008 Dec;74(6):546-52 PMID: 18786134
  61. Multibudded tubules formed by COPII on artificial liposomes.
    Sci Rep. 2011;1:17 PMID: 22355536
  62. Dishevelled genes mediate a conserved mammalian PCP pathway to regulate convergent extension during neurulation.
    Development. 2006 May;133(9):1767-78 PMID: 16571627
  63. Systematic and quantitative assessment of the ubiquitin-modified proteome.
    Mol Cell. 2011 Oct 21;44(2):325-40 PMID: 21906983
  64. Yeast SEC16 gene encodes a multidomain vesicle coat protein that interacts with Sec23p.
    J Cell Biol. 1995 Oct;131(2):311-24 PMID: 7593161
  65. Sar1p N-terminal helix initiates membrane curvature and completes the fission of a COPII vesicle.
    Cell. 2005 Aug 26;122(4):605-17 PMID: 16122427
  66. Mannose-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment-53-mediated ER to Golgi trafficking of coagulation factors V and VIII.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 12;274(46):32539-42 PMID: 10551804
  67. The transport signal on Sec22 for packaging into COPII-coated vesicles is a conformational epitope.
    Mol Cell. 2007 May 11;26(3):403-14 PMID: 17499046
  68. Dynamics of the COPII coat with GTP and stable analogues.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2001 Jun;3(6):531-7 PMID: 11389436
  69. Coordination of COPII vesicle trafficking by Sec23.
    Trends Cell Biol. 2008 Jul;18(7):330-6 PMID: 18534853
  70. Kinesin is the motor for microtubule-mediated Golgi-to-ER membrane traffic.
    J Cell Biol. 1995 Feb;128(3):293-306 PMID: 7844144
  71. ALG-2 oscillates in subcellular localization, unitemporally with calcium oscillations.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Feb 23;353(4):1063-7 PMID: 17214967
  72. COPII-coated vesicle formation reconstituted with purified coat proteins and chemically defined liposomes.
    Cell. 1998 Apr 17;93(2):263-75 PMID: 9568718
  73. Sec16B is involved in the endoplasmic reticulum export of the peroxisomal membrane biogenesis factor peroxin 16 (Pex16) in mammalian cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 2;108(31):12746-51 PMID: 21768384
  74. Bleeding due to disruption of a cargo-specific ER-to-Golgi transport complex.
    Nat Genet. 2003 Jun;34(2):220-5 PMID: 12717434
  75. Molecular basis of sugar recognition by the human L-type lectins ERGIC-53, VIPL, and VIP36.
    J Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 25;283(4):1857-61 PMID: 18025080
  76. Selective targeting of ER exit sites supports axon development.
    Traffic. 2009 Nov;10(11):1669-84 PMID: 19761544
  77. N-terminal hydrophobic residues of the G-protein ADP-ribosylation factor-1 insert into membrane phospholipids upon GDP to GTP exchange.
    Biochemistry. 1997 Apr 15;36(15):4675-84 PMID: 9109679
  78. Crystal structure of Sar1-GDP at 1.7 A resolution and the role of the NH2 terminus in ER export.
    J Cell Biol. 2001 Dec 10;155(6):937-48 PMID: 11739406
  79. Novel missense mutations of SAR1B gene in an infant with chylomicron retention disease.
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Mar;48(3):370-3 PMID: 19274794
  80. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response by a BBF2H7-mediated Sec23a pathway is essential for chondrogenesis.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Oct;11(10):1197-204 PMID: 19767744
  81. Control of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression by BAP31.
    J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 8;276(23):20340-5 PMID: 11274174
  82. Planar cell polarity defects and defective Vangl2 trafficking in mutants for the COPII gene Sec24b.
    Development. 2010 Apr;137(7):1067-73 PMID: 20215345
  83. ALG-2 directly binds Sec31A and localizes at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Feb 16;353(3):756-63 PMID: 17196169
  84. Structural implications from an electronmicroscopic comparison of procollagen V with procollagen I, pC-collagen I, procollagen IV, and a Drosophila procollagen.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Dec 25;257(24):14590-2 PMID: 7174652
  85. ER stress regulation of ATF6 localization by dissociation of BiP/GRP78 binding and unmasking of Golgi localization signals.
    Dev Cell. 2002 Jul;3(1):99-111 PMID: 12110171
  86. Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia is caused by a SEC23A mutation leading to abnormal endoplasmic-reticulum-to-Golgi trafficking.
    Nat Genet. 2006 Oct;38(10):1192-7 PMID: 16980979
  87. Adaptation of endoplasmic reticulum exit sites to acute and chronic increases in cargo load.
    EMBO J. 2008 Aug 6;27(15):2043-54 PMID: 18650939
  88. Structure of the Sec13-Sec16 edge element, a template for assembly of the COPII vesicle coat.
    J Cell Biol. 2010 Aug 9;190(3):347-61 PMID: 20696705
  89. Protein export at the ER: loading big collagens into COPII carriers.
    EMBO J. 2011 Aug 31;30(17):3475-80 PMID: 21878990
  90. The endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Cosmc directly promotes in vitro folding of T-synthase.
    J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 22;285(4):2456-62 PMID: 19923218
  91. p125A exists as part of the mammalian Sec13/Sec31 COPII subcomplex to facilitate ER-Golgi transport.
    J Cell Biol. 2010 Aug 9;190(3):331-45 PMID: 20679433
  92. Sterols block binding of COPII proteins to SCAP, thereby controlling SCAP sorting in ER.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11694-9 PMID: 12193656
  93. p125 is localized in endoplasmic reticulum exit sites and involved in their organization.
    J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 18;280(11):10141-8 PMID: 15623529
  94. Two mammalian Sec16 homologues have nonredundant functions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export and transitional ER organization.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Mar;18(3):839-49 PMID: 17192411
  95. Role of Sec24 isoforms in selective export of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
    EMBO Rep. 2007 Mar;8(3):258-64 PMID: 17255961
  96. Transport-dependent proteolysis of SREBP: relocation of site-1 protease from Golgi to ER obviates the need for SREBP transport to Golgi.
    Cell. 1999 Dec 23;99(7):703-12 PMID: 10619424
  97. Structure and organization of coat proteins in the COPII cage.
    Cell. 2007 Jun 29;129(7):1325-36 PMID: 17604721
  98. TANGO1 facilitates cargo loading at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites.
    Cell. 2009 Mar 6;136(5):891-902 PMID: 19269366
  99. A novel dysmorphic syndrome with open calvarial sutures and sutural cataracts maps to chromosome 14q13-q21.
    Hum Genet. 2003 Jul;113(1):1-9 PMID: 12677423
  100. Secretory cargo regulates the turnover of COPII subunits at single ER exit sites.
    Curr Biol. 2006 Jan 24;16(2):173-9 PMID: 16431369
  101. The ALG-2 binding site in Sec31A influences the retention kinetics of Sec31A at the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites as revealed by live-cell time-lapse imaging.
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(9):1819-26 PMID: 20834162
  102. COPII proteins are required for Golgi fusion but not for endoplasmic reticulum budding of the pre-chylomicron transport vesicle.
    J Cell Sci. 2003 Jan 15;116(Pt 2):415-27 PMID: 12482926
  103. Concentrative export from the endoplasmic reticulum of the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 requires binding to SEC24D.
    J Biol Chem. 2007 Mar 9;282(10):7679-89 PMID: 17210573
  104. The yeast p24 complex regulates GPI-anchored protein transport and quality control by monitoring anchor remodeling.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Aug 15;22(16):2924-36 PMID: 21680708
  105. Structural basis of cargo membrane protein discrimination by the human COPII coat machinery.
    EMBO J. 2008 Nov 5;27(21):2918-28 PMID: 18843296
  106. Structure of the Sec23/24-Sar1 pre-budding complex of the COPII vesicle coat.
    Nature. 2002 Sep 19;419(6904):271-7 PMID: 12239560
  107. MAPK signaling to the early secretory pathway revealed by kinase/phosphatase functional screening.
    J Cell Biol. 2010 Jun 14;189(6):997-1011 PMID: 20548102
  108. The ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC): in search of its identity and function.
    J Cell Sci. 2006 Jun 1;119(Pt 11):2173-83 PMID: 16723730
  109. Sec16p potentiates the action of COPII proteins to bud transport vesicles.
    J Cell Biol. 2002 Sep 16;158(6):1029-38 PMID: 12235121
  110. cTAGE5 mediates collagen secretion through interaction with TANGO1 at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Jul 1;22(13):2301-8 PMID: 21525241
  111. Cargo selectivity of the ERGIC-53/MCFD2 transport receptor complex.
    Traffic. 2006 Nov;7(11):1473-81 PMID: 17010120
  112. Formation and transport of chylomicrons.
    Fed Proc. 1967 Nov-Dec;26(6):1599-605 PMID: 4864743
  113. Nicotine up-regulates alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors and ER exit sites via stoichiometry-dependent chaperoning.
    J Gen Physiol. 2011 Jan;137(1):59-79 PMID: 21187334
  114. Dynamics of transitional endoplasmic reticulum sites in vertebrate cells.
    Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Sep;11(9):3013-30 PMID: 10982397
  115. Sec24C is required for docking the prechylomicron transport vesicle with the Golgi.
    J Lipid Res. 2010 May;51(5):1093-100 PMID: 19965600
  116. Sequential coupling between COPII and COPI vesicle coats in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport.
    J Cell Biol. 1995 Nov;131(4):875-93 PMID: 7490291
  117. Insights into COPII coat nucleation from the structure of Sec23.Sar1 complexed with the active fragment of Sec31.
    Dev Cell. 2007 Nov;13(5):635-645 PMID: 17981133
  118. A novel multiprotein complex is required to generate the prechylomicron transport vesicle from intestinal ER.
    J Lipid Res. 2010 Jul;51(7):1918-28 PMID: 20237389
  119. Coupling assembly of the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex to efficient endoplasmic reticulum exit and basal-lateral membrane targeting of E-cadherin in polarized MDCK cells.
    J Cell Biol. 1999 Feb 22;144(4):687-99 PMID: 10037790
  120. COPII coat subunit interactions: Sec24p and Sec23p bind to adjacent regions of Sec16p.
    Mol Biol Cell. 1996 Nov;7(11):1815-23 PMID: 8930902
  121. Crucial step in cholesterol homeostasis: sterols promote binding of SCAP to INSIG-1, a membrane protein that facilitates retention of SREBPs in ER.
    Cell. 2002 Aug 23;110(4):489-500 PMID: 12202038
  122. The p24 family member p23 is required for early embryonic development.
    Curr Biol. 2000 Jan 13;10(1):55-8 PMID: 10660306
  123. Coupling of ER exit to microtubules through direct interaction of COPII with dynactin.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2005 Jan;7(1):48-55 PMID: 15580264
  124. Forward transport. 14-3-3 binding overcomes retention in endoplasmic reticulum by dibasic signals.
    Cell. 2002 Nov 15;111(4):577-88 PMID: 12437930
  125. Secretory COPII coat component Sec23a is essential for craniofacial chondrocyte maturation.
    Nat Genet. 2006 Oct;38(10):1198-203 PMID: 16980978
  126. ER-to-Golgi transport visualized in living cells.
    Nature. 1997 Sep 4;389(6646):81-5 PMID: 9288971
Article Info
Journal
Nature cell biology
Abbr.
Nat Cell Biol
ISSN
1476-4679
DOI
10.1038/ncb2390
Published
2011-12-22
Epub
2011-00-22
Pages
20-8
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
100890575
Subset
IM
Grants
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · United States
Corrections
ErratumIn
-
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/ncb2390 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2