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PMID: 21527310 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review

The emerging role of forces in axonal elongation.

Progress in neurobiology ·Vol. 94 ·No. 2 ·2011-07-00 ·Pages 91-101

Suter DM, Miller KE

Abstract

An understanding of how axons elongate is needed to develop rational strategies to treat neurological diseases and nerve injury. Growth cone-mediated neuronal elongation is currently viewed as occurring through cytoskeletal dynamics involving the polymerization of actin and tubulin subunits at the tip of the axon. However, recent work suggests that axons and growth cones also generate forces (through cytoskeletal dynamics, kinesin, dynein, and myosin), forces induce axonal elongation, and axons lengthen by stretching. This review highlights results from various model systems (Drosophila, Aplysia, Xenopus, chicken, mouse, rat, and PC12 cells), supporting a role for forces, bulk microtubule movements, and intercalated mass addition in the process of axonal elongation. We think that a satisfying answer to the question, "How do axons grow?" will come by integrating the best aspects of biophysics, genetics, and cell biology.

MeSH Terms
Animals Axons/physiology,ultrastructure Cell Shape Cytoskeleton/physiology,ultrastructure Growth Cones/physiology,ultrastructure Humans Synaptic Transmission
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Suter Daniel M
Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, United States. dsuter@purdue.edu
Miller Kyle E
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Article Info
Journal
Progress in neurobiology
Abbr.
Prog Neurobiol
ISSN
1873-5118
DOI
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.04.002
Email
dsuter@purdue.edu
Published
2011-07-00
Epub
2011-00-20
Pages
91-101
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0370121
PMCID
PMC3115633
Subset
IM
Grants
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS049233 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS049233-05 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.04.002 PMC Full Text View journal details
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