Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 20211031 Published · epublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

High systemic levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-22 and C-reactive protein in Indian patients are associated with low in vitro replication of HIV-1 subtype C viruses.

Retrovirology ·Vol. 7 ·2010-03-09 ·Pages 15

Arias JF, Nishihara R, Bala M, Ikuta K

Abstract

HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) accounts for almost 50% of all HIV-1 infections worldwide and predominates in countries with the highest case-loads globally. Functional studies suggest that HIV-1C is unique in its biological properties, and there are contradicting reports about its replicative characteristics. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the host cytokine environment modulates the in vitro replication capacity of HIV-1C viruses. A small subset of HIV-1C isolates showing efficient replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is described, and the association of in vitro replication capacity with disease progression markers and the host cytokine response was evaluated. Viruses were isolated from patient samples, and the corresponding in vitro growth kinetics were determined by monitoring for p24 production. Genotype, phenotype and co-receptor usage were determined for all isolates, while clinical category, CD4 cell counts and viral loads were recorded for all patients. Plasmatic concentrations of cytokines and, acute-phase response, and microbial translocation markers were determined; and the effect of cytokine treatment on in vitro replication rates was also measured. We identified a small number of viral isolates showing high in vitro replication capacity in healthy-donor PBMC. HIV-1C usage of CXCR4 co-receptor was rare; therefore, it did not account for the differences in replication potential observed. There was also no correlation between the in vitro replication capacity of HIV-1C isolates and patients' disease status. Efficient virus growth was significantly associated with low interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-22 (IL-22), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in plasma (p < .0001). In vitro, pretreatment of virus cultures with IL-10 and CRP resulted in a significant reduction of virus production, whereas IL-22, which lacks action on immune cells appears to mediate its anti-HIV effect through interaction with both IL-10 and CRP, and its own protective effect on mucosal membranes. These results indicate that high systemic levels of IL-10, CRP and IL-22 in HIV-1C-infected Indian patients are associated with low viral replication in vitro, and that the former two have direct inhibitory effects whereas the latter acts through downstream mechanisms that remain uncertain.

MeSH Terms
Adolescent Adult C-Reactive Protein/analysis CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cells, Cultured Child Female Genotype HIV Infections/immunology,virology HIV-1/classification,genetics,isolation & purification,physiology Humans India Interleukin-10/blood Interleukins/blood Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology,virology Male Middle Aged Receptors, HIV/analysis Viral Load Virus Replication Young Adult
Chemicals
IL10 protein, human Interleukins Receptors, HIV Interleukin-10 C-Reactive Protein interleukin-22
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Arias Juan F
Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Nishihara Reiko
Bala Manju
Ikuta Kazuyoshi
References (78)
78 references, click to expand
  1. Immunogenetic basis of HIV-1 infection, transmission and disease progression.
    Vaccine. 2008 Jun 6;26(24):2966-80 PMID: 18321617
  2. Microbial translocation is associated with increased monocyte activation and dementia in AIDS patients.
    PLoS One. 2008;3(6):e2516 PMID: 18575590
  3. C-reactive protein (CRP) induces chemokine secretion via CD11b/ICAM-1 interaction in human adherent monocytes.
    J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Oct;84(4):1109-19 PMID: 18591415
  4. IL-10-secreting T cells from HIV-infected pregnant women downregulate HIV-1 replication: effect enhanced by antiretroviral treatment.
    AIDS. 2009 Jan 2;23(1):9-18 PMID: 19050381
  5. C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease: predictive test or therapeutic target?
    Clin Chem. 2009 Feb;55(2):239-55 PMID: 19114670
  6. High replication fitness and transmission efficiency of HIV-1 subtype C from India: Implications for subtype C predominance.
    Virology. 2009 Mar 15;385(2):416-24 PMID: 19157481
  7. Th17: The ascent of a new effector T-cell subset. Preface.
    Eur J Immunol. 2009 Mar;39(3):634-6 PMID: 19283713
  8. IL-22: a critical mediator in mucosal host defense.
    J Mol Med (Berl). 2009 May;87(5):451-4 PMID: 19219418
  9. Microbial translocation, the innate cytokine response, and HIV-1 disease progression in Africa.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 21;106(16):6718-23 PMID: 19357303
  10. CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates have a lower level of pathogenic fitness than other dominant group M subtypes: implications for the epidemic.
    J Virol. 2009 Jun;83(11):5592-605 PMID: 19297481
  11. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences from 382 patients recruited in JJ Hospital of Mumbai, India, between 2002 and 2008.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Jun;25(6):633-5 PMID: 19534630
  12. Pattern recognition by pentraxins.
    Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;653:98-116 PMID: 19799114
  13. Proinflammatory cytokines in CRP baseline regulation.
    Adv Clin Chem. 2009;48:111-36 PMID: 19803417
  14. Host factors influencing susceptibility to HIV infection and AIDS progression.
    Retrovirology. 2007;4:52 PMID: 17651505
  15. Elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C in Southern Africa is associated with an NF-kappaB enhancer gain-of-function.
    J Infect Dis. 2000 Jan;181(1):76-81 PMID: 10608753
  16. Absence of coreceptor switch with disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus infections in India.
    Virology. 2000 Jun 5;271(2):253-8 PMID: 10860879
  17. Impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on survival of HIV-infected adults: a prospective epidemiologic study in Uganda.
    AIDS. 2000 Jun 16;14(9):1219-28 PMID: 10894287
  18. Human interleukin-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor: molecular cloning and functional characterization as an hepatocyte-stimulating factor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 29;97(18):10144-9 PMID: 10954742
  19. Plasma HIV-1 copy number and in vitro infectivity of plasma prior to and during combination antiretroviral treatment.
    Antiviral Res. 2000 Sep;47(3):189-98 PMID: 10974371
  20. Near full-length clones and reference sequences for subtype C isolates of HIV type 1 from three different continents.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001 Jan 20;17(2):161-8 PMID: 11177395
  21. The dynamics of CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV disease.
    Nature. 2001 Apr 19;410(6831):974-9 PMID: 11309627
  22. CCR5 is the major coreceptor used by HIV-1 subtype C isolates from patients with active tuberculosis.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2001 May 20;17(8):697-701 PMID: 11429110
  23. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env sequences from Calcutta in eastern India: identification of features that distinguish subtype C sequences in India from other subtype C sequences.
    J Virol. 2001 Nov;75(21):10479-87 PMID: 11581417
  24. Commercial sex and the spread of HIV in four cities in sub-Saharan Africa.
    AIDS. 2001 Aug;15 Suppl 4:S61-9 PMID: 11686467
  25. The public health significance of HIV-1 subtypes.
    AIDS. 2001;15 Suppl 5:S59-71 PMID: 11816176
  26. Comparing the ex vivo fitness of CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of subtypes B and C.
    J Virol. 2003 Jan;77(2):1021-38 PMID: 12502818
  27. The CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors are both used by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolates from subtype C.
    J Virol. 2003 Apr;77(7):4449-56 PMID: 12634405
  28. Biological and genetic characteristics of HIV infections in Cameroon reveals dual group M and O infections and a correlation between SI-inducing phenotype of the predominant CRF02_AG variant and disease stage.
    Virology. 2003 Jun 5;310(2):254-66 PMID: 12781713
  29. Genomic analysis of Th1-Th2 cytokine genes in an AIDS cohort: identification of IL4 and IL10 haplotypes associated with the disease progression.
    Genes Immun. 2003 Sep;4(6):441-9 PMID: 12944981
  30. Spectrum of opportunistic infections and profile of CD4+ counts among AIDS patients in North India.
    Infection. 2003 Oct;31(5):336-40 PMID: 14556060
  31. Human epithelial beta-defensins 2 and 3 inhibit HIV-1 replication.
    AIDS. 2003 Nov 7;17(16):F39-48 PMID: 14571200
  32. Aetiology of prolonged fever in antiretroviral-naïve human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults.
    Natl Med J India. 2003 Jul-Aug;16(4):193-9 PMID: 14606766
  33. Characterization of HIV type 1 heterosexual transmission in Yunnan, China.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2003 Nov;19(11):1051-5 PMID: 14686326
  34. Genetic and biological properties of HIV type 1 isolates prevalent in villagers of the Cameroon equatorial rain forests and grass fields: further evidence of broad HIV type 1 genetic diversity.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2003 Dec;19(12):1167-78 PMID: 14717120
  35. Phenotypic and genotypic comparisons of CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 biological clones isolated from subtype C-infected individuals.
    J Virol. 2004 Mar;78(6):2841-52 PMID: 14990703
  36. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes have a distinct long terminal repeat that determines the replication rate in a host-cell-specific manner.
    J Virol. 2004 Apr;78(7):3675-83 PMID: 15016888
  37. Interleukin-22 activates STAT3 and induces IL-10 by colon epithelial cells.
    Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 May;4(5):679-91 PMID: 15120652
  38. IL-22 increases the innate immunity of tissues.
    Immunity. 2004 Aug;21(2):241-54 PMID: 15308104
  39. Does tuberculosis increase HIV load?
    J Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 1;190(9):1677-84 PMID: 15478075
  40. Purification and NH2-terminal sequence of a plasmacytoma growth factor derived from the murine macrophage cell line P388D1.
    J Immunol. 1987 Aug 1;139(3):813-7 PMID: 3496392
  41. Distinct replicative and cytopathic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus isolates.
    J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4414-9 PMID: 2459416
  42. Association between biological properties of human immunodeficiency virus variants and risk for AIDS and AIDS mortality.
    Lancet. 1989 May 6;1(8645):983-5 PMID: 2565516
  43. Interleukin 10: a novel stimulatory factor for mast cells and their progenitors.
    J Exp Med. 1991 Feb 1;173(2):507-10 PMID: 1899106
  44. Biological phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clones at different stages of infection: progression of disease is associated with a shift from monocytotropic to T-cell-tropic virus population.
    J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1354-60 PMID: 1738194
  45. HIV-1 biological phenotype in long-term infected individuals evaluated with an MT-2 cocultivation assay.
    AIDS. 1992 Jan;6(1):49-54 PMID: 1543566
  46. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults.
    MMWR Recomm Rep. 1992 Dec 18;41(RR-17):1-19 PMID: 1361652
  47. Interleukin 10 blocks HIV replication in macrophages by inhibiting the autocrine loop of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 induction of virus.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Oct;10(10):1199-206 PMID: 7848677
  48. HIV type 1 variation in World Health Organization-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites: genetic screening, sequence analysis, and preliminary biological characterization of selected viral strains. WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Nov;10(11):1327-43 PMID: 7545977
  49. Standard conditions of virus isolation reveal biological variability of HIV type 1 in different regions of the world. WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Nov;10(11):1401-8 PMID: 7888193
  50. Coreceptor usage of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates varies according to biological phenotype.
    J Virol. 1997 Oct;71(10):7478-87 PMID: 9311827
  51. Divergent transcriptional regulation among expanding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes.
    J Virol. 1997 Nov;71(11):8657-65 PMID: 9343223
  52. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Dec 15;25(24):4876-82 PMID: 9396791
  53. Genetic polymorphism of CCR5 gene and HIV disease: the heterozygous (CCR5/delta ccr5) genotype is neither essential nor sufficient for protection against disease progression. Swiss HIV Cohort.
    Eur J Immunol. 1997 Dec;27(12):3223-7 PMID: 9464809
  54. Cytokine regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry and replication in human monocytes/macrophages through modulation of CCR5 expression.
    J Virol. 1998 Sep;72(9):7642-7 PMID: 9696868
  55. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes differ in disease progression.
    J Infect Dis. 1999 Jan;179(1):68-73 PMID: 9841824
  56. Subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and disease stage among women in Nairobi, Kenya.
    J Virol. 1999 May;73(5):4393-403 PMID: 10196337
  57. Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C: a set of 23 full-length clones from Botswana.
    J Virol. 1999 May;73(5):4427-32 PMID: 10196340
  58. HIV-1 subtype C syncytium- and non-syncytium-inducing phenotypes and coreceptor usage among Ethiopian patients with AIDS.
    AIDS. 1999 Jul 30;13(11):1305-11 PMID: 10449282
  59. An infectious DNA clone of HIV type 1 subtype C.
    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1999 Sep 20;15(14):1321-4 PMID: 10505681
  60. Spectrum of clinical disease in a series of 135 hospitalised HIV-infected patients from north India.
    BMC Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 22;4:52 PMID: 15555069
  61. Exhaustive genotyping of the CEM15 (APOBEC3G) gene and absence of association with AIDS progression in a French cohort.
    J Infect Dis. 2005 Jan 15;191(2):159-63 PMID: 15609224
  62. Is there an interaction between interleukin-10 and interleukin-22?
    Genes Immun. 2005 Feb;6(1):8-18 PMID: 15526001
  63. Antiinflammatory profiles during primary SIV infection in African green monkeys are associated with protection against AIDS.
    J Clin Invest. 2005 Apr;115(4):1082-91 PMID: 15761496
  64. Biologic and genetic characterization of a panel of 60 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates, representing clades A, B, C, D, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG, for the development and assessment of candidate vaccines.
    J Virol. 2005 May;79(10):6089-101 PMID: 15857994
  65. HIV-1 subtype C dissemination in southern Brazil.
    AIDS. 2005 Oct;19 Suppl 4:S81-6 PMID: 16249660
  66. HIV disease: fallout from a mucosal catastrophe?
    Nat Immunol. 2006 Mar;7(3):235-9 PMID: 16482171
  67. The AIDS resistance of naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys is independent of cellular immunity to the virus.
    Blood. 2006 Jul 1;108(1):209-17 PMID: 16522814
  68. Consistent effects of TSG101 genetic variability on multiple outcomes of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
    J Virol. 2006 Jul;80(14):6757-63 PMID: 16809281
  69. Large-scale amplification, cloning and sequencing of near full-length HIV-1 subtype C genomes.
    J Virol Methods. 2006 Sep;136(1-2):118-25 PMID: 16701907
  70. HIV-1 load quantitation: a 17-year perspective.
    J Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 15;194 Suppl 1:S38-44 PMID: 16921471
  71. Role of common human TRIM5alpha variants in HIV-1 disease progression.
    Retrovirology. 2006;3:54 PMID: 16925802
  72. Global and regional distribution of HIV-1 genetic subtypes and recombinants in 2004.
    AIDS. 2006 Oct 24;20(16):W13-23 PMID: 17053344
  73. Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection.
    Nat Med. 2006 Dec;12(12):1365-71 PMID: 17115046
  74. IL-22 participates in an innate anti-HIV-1 host-resistance network through acute-phase protein induction.
    J Immunol. 2007 Jan 1;178(1):407-15 PMID: 17182579
  75. Is HIV-1 evolving to a less virulent form in humans?
    Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007 Feb;5(2):141-51 PMID: 17203103
  76. Cytokine quantitation: technologies and applications.
    Front Biosci. 2007;12:4682-95 PMID: 17485405
  77. Interleukin-10-secreting CD4 cells from aged patients with AIDS decrease in-vitro HIV replication and tumour necrosis factor alpha production.
    AIDS. 2007 Aug 20;21(13):1763-70 PMID: 17690575
  78. Interleukin-22 mediates early host defense against attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens.
    Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):282-9 PMID: 18264109
Article Info
Journal
Retrovirology
Abbr.
Retrovirology
ISSN
1742-4690
DOI
10.1186/1742-4690-7-15
Published
2010-03-09
Epub
2010-00-09
Pages
15
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
101216893
PMCID
PMC2841095
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-7-15 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2