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PMID: 18701320 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

MicroRNAs in the immune response.

Cytokine ·Vol. 43 ·No. 3 ·2008-09-00 ·Pages 391-4

Pedersen I, David M

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRs) were only discovered little more than a decade ago, yet it has become rapidly clear that they are crucial posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression by decreasing the abundance or translational efficiency of mRNAs [Maroney PA, Yu Y, Nilsen TW. MicroRNAs, mRNAs, and translation. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2006;71: 531-5; Nilsen TW. Mechanisms of microRNA-mediated gene regulation in animal cells. Trends Genet 2007;23: 243-9], [1,2]. While the role of miRs in cell fate decisions linked to proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis was recognized early on, the importance of these noncoding small RNAs on immune system development and response has only recently become evident. In addition to facilitating cell fate decisions of immune cells (e.g. miR-181a and miR-223), miRs also regulate central elements of the adaptive immune response such as antigen presentation (e.g. miR-155) and T cell receptor signaling (mir-181a). Furthermore, miRs are involved in innate immunity through regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine responses (e.g. miR-146). Intriguingly, cellular miRs not only alter immune cell development and function, but are also able to directly affect viral replication. Conversely, virus-encoded miRs shape the host-virus interactions and regulate the viral life cycle. Here, we provide a brief overview on the role of cellular and viral miRs in the development and function of the immune system.

MeSH Terms
Animals Gene Expression Regulation/physiology Humans Immunity, Innate/physiology MicroRNAs/physiology RNA, Messenger/metabolism Toll-Like Receptors/physiology Virus Physiological Phenomena
Chemicals
MicroRNAs RNA, Messenger Toll-Like Receptors
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Pedersen Irene
University of California, San Diego, Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA.
David Michael
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Article Info
Journal
Cytokine
Abbr.
Cytokine
ISSN
1096-0023
DOI
10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.016
Published
2008-09-00
Epub
2008-00-12
Pages
391-4
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9005353
PMCID
PMC3642994
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK078857 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK078857-01 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK078857-02 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK078857-03 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.016 PMC Full Text View journal details
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