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PMID: 16877063 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Review

Chlorella viruses.

Advances in virus research ·Vol. 66 ·2006-00-00 ·Pages 293-336

Yamada T, Onimatsu H, Van Etten JL

Abstract

Chlorella viruses or chloroviruses are large, icosahedral, plaque-forming, double-stranded-DNA-containing viruses that replicate in certain strains of the unicellular green alga Chlorella. DNA sequence analysis of the 330-kbp genome of Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1), the prototype of this virus family (Phycodnaviridae), predict approximately 366 protein-encoding genes and 11 tRNA genes. The predicted gene products of approximately 50% of these genes resemble proteins of known function, including many that are completely unexpected for a virus. In addition, the chlorella viruses have several features and encode many gene products that distinguish them from most viruses. These products include: (1) multiple DNA methyltransferases and DNA site-specific endonucleases, (2) the enzymes required to glycosylate their proteins and synthesize polysaccharides such as hyaluronan and chitin, (3) a virus-encoded K(+) channel (called Kcv) located in the internal membrane of the virions, (4) a SET domain containing protein (referred to as vSET) that dimethylates Lys27 in histone 3, and (5) PBCV-1 has three types of introns; a self-splicing intron, a spliceosomal processed intron, and a small tRNA intron. Accumulating evidence indicates that the chlorella viruses have a very long evolutionary history. This review mainly deals with research on the virion structure, genome rearrangements, gene expression, cell wall degradation, polysaccharide synthesis, and evolution of PBCV-1 as well as other related viruses.

MeSH Terms
Base Sequence Cell Wall/metabolism Chlorella/virology Evolution, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Phycodnaviridae/genetics,metabolism,ultrastructure Polysaccharides/biosynthesis Viral Proteins/genetics,metabolism Virion/metabolism
Chemicals
Polysaccharides Viral Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Yamada Takashi
Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi, Japan.
Onimatsu Hideki
Van Etten James L
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Article Info
Journal
Advances in virus research
Abbr.
Adv Virus Res
ISSN
0065-3527
DOI
10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66006-5
Published
2006-00-00
Pages
293-336
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0370441
PMCID
PMC1955756
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM032441 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM032441-21 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM32441 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · P20-RR15635 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66006-5 PMC Full Text View journal details
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