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PMID: 15165606 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

Norovirus disease: changing epidemiology and host susceptibility factors.

Trends in microbiology ·Vol. 12 ·No. 6 ·2004-06-00 ·Pages 279-87

Hutson AM, Atmar RL, Estes MK

Abstract

Noroviruses cause the majority of acute viral gastroenteritis cases that occur worldwide. The increased recognition of noroviruses as the cause of outbreaks and sporadic disease is due to the recent availability of improved norovirus-specific diagnostics. Transmission of these viruses is facilitated by their high prevalence in the community, shedding of infectious virus particles from asymptomatic individuals and the high stability of the virus in the environment. Currently, the spectrum of clinical disease and the understanding of host susceptibility factors are changing. Cases of chronic norovirus gastroenteritis have been observed in transplant recipients and unusual clinical presentations have been recognized in otherwise healthy adults that are under physical stress. Recently, noroviruses were found to bind to gut-expressed carbohydrates, leading to a correlation between a person's genetically determined carbohydrate expression and their susceptibility to Norwalk virus infection. Greater community surveillance and further investigation of carbohydrate receptor-binding properties could provide further insights into norovirus transmission, susceptibility and pathogenesis, and should aid in developing vaccines and antiviral therapies for this common viral disease.

MeSH Terms
Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology,virology Disease Susceptibility Disease Transmission, Infectious Gastroenteritis/epidemiology,virology Humans Norovirus/pathogenicity Receptors, Virus/chemistry,genetics
Chemicals
Receptors, Virus
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Hutson Anne M
Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza BCM-385, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Atmar Robert L
Estes Mary K
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Article Info
Journal
Trends in microbiology
Abbr.
Trends Microbiol
ISSN
0966-842X
DOI
10.1016/j.tim.2004.04.005
Published
2004-06-00
Pages
279-87
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9310916
PMCID
PMC7172956
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2004.04.005 PMC Full Text View journal details
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